{"id":11569,"date":"2025-05-09T19:32:58","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T19:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/?p=11569"},"modified":"2025-05-09T19:32:58","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T19:32:58","slug":"v2g-vehicle-to-grid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/v2g-vehicle-to-grid\/","title":{"rendered":"V2G (Vehicle to Grid)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Technologie<\/strong> Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) umo\u017e\u0148uje bateriov\u00fdm elektrick\u00fdm vozidl\u016fm (<\/strong>BEV<\/strong><\/a>) pos\u00edlat energii zp\u011bt do elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong> prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obousm\u011brn\u00e9 nab\u00edje\u010dky ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 syst\u00e9mem vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy. V2G se li\u0161\u00ed od jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00ed Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) a Vehicle-to-Load (V2L)<\/a>, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vozidl\u016fm nap\u00e1jet pouze dom\u00e1cnosti nebo p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nikoli v\u0161ak odes\u00edlat energii zp\u011bt do s\u00edt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Princip funkce V2G:<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bateriov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 vozy (BEV<\/a>) jsou vybaveny trak\u010dn\u00ed vysoko nap\u011b\u0165ovou bateri\u00ed, jej\u00ed\u017e kapacita se zpravidla rovn\u00e1 i n\u011bkolikadenn\u00ed spot\u0159eb\u011b rodinn\u00e9ho domku (nap\u0159. \u0160koda Enyaq iV 80: 82 kWh, Volkswagen ID.3 Pro: 58 kWh, Hyundai Kona electric: 64 kWh, Tesla Model 3 Long Range: 82 kWh). Hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee tato energie je ulo\u017eena v baterii ve form\u011b stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> zpravidla 400 V nebo u nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch elektromobil\u016f 800 V. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010de v\u0161ak pracuj\u00ed se st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm<\/strong> 230 V (120 V)<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"V2G<\/a><\/p>\n

Technologie V2G vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 obousm\u011brn\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de energie (V2G UNIT)<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed elektromobil\u016fm bu\u010f nab\u00edjet baterii nebo naopak pos\u00edlat energii zp\u011bt do s\u00edt\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e mohou nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoci stabilizovat s\u00ed\u0165, zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b vysok\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky po elekt\u0159in\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Abychom l\u00e9pe pochopili v\u00fdhody a potenci\u00e1l vyu\u017eit\u00ed technologie V2G popi\u0161me si tipyck\u00fd modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad:<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie Evropsk\u00e9 agentury pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (EAA) po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s velk\u00fdm rozvojem elektromobility<\/a> a p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee do roku 2050 bude a\u017e 80 % osobn\u00edch automobil\u016f v EU poh\u00e1n\u011bno v\u00fdhradn\u011b elektrick\u00fdm pohonem. Nechme stranou zda je to cesta dobr\u00e1 \u010di \u0161patn\u00e1, zda je nastolena demokraticky nebo politick\u00fdm tlakem. Na tyto ot\u00e1zky si mus\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd odpov\u011bd\u011bt s\u00e1m. P\u0159echod na elektromobilitu p\u0159inese p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nov\u00e9 technick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro u\u017eivatele elektromobil\u016f a velk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy pro energetickou infrastrukturu.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstup k hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s elektrickou energi\u00ed a jej\u00ed skladov\u00e1n\u00ed se v budoucnu v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 energie je jej\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 skladov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. Pro mal\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitele a motoristy slou\u017e\u00ed jako \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b elektrick\u00e9 energie v\u011bt\u0161inou baterie, kter\u00e1 je ov\u0161em pom\u011brn\u011b drah\u00e1, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 a m\u00e1 relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou energetickou hustotu<\/strong>. Pokud ale budou baterie v tis\u00edc\u00edch vozidel, pro\u010d je nevyu\u017e\u00edt je\u0161t\u011b jinak ne\u017e jen pro pohon vozidel? Mohly by slou\u017eit jako do\u010dasn\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky energie, tedy mobiln\u00ed bateriov\u00e1 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e1 by mohla pom\u00e1hat stabilizovat elektrickou s\u00ed\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

Technologie Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) nab\u00edz\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to my\u0161lenky. V2G umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edvat energii ulo\u017eenou v akumul\u00e1torech elektromobil\u016f a vracet ji zp\u011bt do elektrick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b b\u011bhem \u0161pi\u010dky.<\/strong> Tato technologie m\u016f\u017ee pomoci vyrovnat v\u00fdkyvy vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b elektrick\u00e9 energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku m\u016f\u017ee V2G p\u0159in\u00e9st v\u00fdhody majitel\u016fm elektromobil\u016f i cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bohu\u017eel vyu\u017eit\u00ed V2G vy\u017eaduje spolupr\u00e1ci vl\u00e1d, dodavatel\u016f elektrick\u00e9 energie a v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f, co\u017e zna\u010dn\u011b komplikuje jej\u00ed rozvoj. Pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eby V2G je t\u0159eba splnit t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady:<\/span><\/p>\n