{"id":1887,"date":"2018-01-19T00:13:48","date_gmt":"2018-01-19T00:13:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.autolexicon.net\/?p=1887"},"modified":"2021-11-14T12:00:57","modified_gmt":"2021-11-14T12:00:57","slug":"brzdna-draha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/brzdna-draha\/","title":{"rendered":"Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Dr\u00e1ha pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro zastaven\u00ed je tvo\u0159ena ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u2013 reak\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha<\/strong> a vlastn\u00ed brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha<\/strong>. Reak\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha je dr\u00e1ha, kterou \u0159idi\u010d ujede od okam\u017eiku, kdy rozpozn\u00e1 kritickou situaci, zpracuje ji a za\u010dne brzdit.<\/strong> To trv\u00e1 asi jednu sekundu, v z\u00e1vislosti na rychlosti \u0159idi\u010dovy reakce. V tomto \u010dase se v\u0161ak vozidlo d\u00e1le pohybuje s nezm\u011bn\u011bnou rychlost\u00ed. Nap\u0159. p\u0159i 50 km\/h je reak\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha 14 m dlouh\u00e1. Teprve potom jsou zapojeny brzdy. Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed rychlosti a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch faktorech. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rychlost vozu<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\nReak\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\nBrzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\nDr\u00e1ha zastaven\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
such\u00e1 silnice<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

50 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

60 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

80 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

35 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

57 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

mokr\u00e1 silnice<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

50 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

60 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

80 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

49 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

71 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

n\u00e1led\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

50 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

64 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

78 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

60 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

93 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

110 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

80 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

165 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

187 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

zdroj: www.ibesip.cz<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Brzd\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 zhruba n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh. Od zpozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky do okam\u017eiku vzniku brzdn\u00e9 s\u00edly na kole uplyne \u010das \u201etr<\/sub><\/strong>\u201c. To je reak\u010dn\u00ed \u010das \u0159idi\u010de<\/a><\/strong> a \u010das, ve kter\u00e9m \u0159idi\u010d p\u0159esune nohu na brzdov\u00fd ped\u00e1l. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek ozna\u010dme jako \u201etp<\/sub><\/strong>\u201c, je to \u010das tzv.<\/strong> prodlevy brzd<\/strong>. V tomto \u010dase se vymez\u00ed a p\u0159ekon\u00e1 v\u016fle v kloubech a lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch, brzdov\u00e9 oblo\u017een\u00ed dosedne na t\u0159ec\u00ed plochy brzd. A\u017e potud jede p\u0159i zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00edch odpor\u016f automobil nesn\u00ed\u017eenou rychlost\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fasek se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 doba n\u00e1b\u011bhu brzdy<\/strong>, co\u017e je \u010das, ve kter\u00e9m \u00fa\u010dinek brzd dos\u00e1hne sv\u00e9ho maxima, ozna\u010duje se \u201etn<\/sub><\/strong>\u201c. V dal\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9m \u00faseku ozna\u010den\u00e9m jako \u201etu<\/sub><\/strong>\u201c, tj. b\u011bhem doby pln\u00e9ho brzd\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me konstantn\u00ed zpomalen\u00ed a\u017e do \u00fapln\u00e9ho zastaven\u00ed.  Pr\u016fb\u011bh velikosti brzdn\u00e9 s\u00edly je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm grafu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Vlastn\u00ed brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha<\/strong>, pota\u017emo tedy doba pln\u00e9ho brzd\u011bn\u00ed a n\u00e1b\u011bhu brzdy, je ovlivn\u011bna p\u0159ilnavost\u00ed pneumatik \u2013 adhez\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vislost typu povrchu a d\u00e9lky brzdn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Povrch<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Koeficient n\u00e1r\u016fstu brzdn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Such\u00fd beton<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Such\u00fd asfalt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,3<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Such\u00e1 dla\u017eba<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,4<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mokr\u00fd beton<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,5<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mokr\u00fd asfalt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,8<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mokr\u00e1 dla\u017eba<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n2,6<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sn\u00edh<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n3,3<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00e1led\u00ed p\u0159i -20\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n5,6<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00e1led\u00ed p\u0159i -10\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n7,6<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00e1led\u00ed p\u0159i 0\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n10,3<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


\nBezpe\u010dn\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost vozidel
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span>Dodr\u017eujete bezpe\u010dnou vzd\u00e1lenost za vp\u0159edu jedouc\u00edm vozidlem. Bezpe\u010dn\u00fd odstup roste se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se rychlost\u00ed a je roven minim\u00e1ln\u011b vzd\u00e1lenosti, kterou ujedete za 2 sekundy. 2 sekundy je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e1 doba, za kterou za\u010dne Va\u0161e vozidlo efektivn\u011b brzdit.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Video:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fhV5O-it9kY&feature=player_embedded<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdznamu kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 brzdn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy<\/strong>
\nObecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm pomaleji automobil v dob\u011b st\u0159etu jede, t\u00edm m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou n\u00e1sledky. Proto je schopnost zastavit na co nejkrat\u0161\u00ed dr\u00e1ze mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Zastaven\u00ed vozidla z rychlosti 100 km\/h na such\u00e9m asfaltu na dr\u00e1ze 36 metr\u016f lze pova\u017eovat za velmi dobr\u00fd v\u00fdkon<\/strong>, takov\u00fdch aut mnoho nen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro dal\u0161\u00ed ilustra\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad vezm\u011bme, \u017ee automobil na kvalitn\u00edch pneumatik\u00e1ch zastav\u00ed na pades\u00e1ti metrech. Automobil na \u0161patn\u00fdch pneumatik\u00e1ch zastav\u00ed o osm metr\u016f d\u00e1l. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v dob\u011b kdy automobil s hor\u0161\u00edmi pneumatikami m\u00edjel ji\u017e stoj\u00edc\u00edho kolegu, s\u00e1m se je\u0161t\u011b pohyboval rychlost\u00ed 37 km\/h<\/strong>. Kdyby v t\u00e9to rychlosti srazil stoj\u00edc\u00edho chodce, energie n\u00e1razu by odpov\u00eddala p\u00e1du \u010dlov\u011bka z v\u00fd\u0161ky 6 metr\u016f!<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee?<\/strong>
\nSrovn\u00e1n\u00ed brzdn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy zimn\u00edch a letn\u00edch pneumatik
\n<\/em><\/strong>Z velk\u00e9ho srovn\u00e1vac\u00edho testu zimn\u00edch pneumatik uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9ho v roce 2012 v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise AutoBild vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i<\/span> brzd\u011bn\u00ed na mokr\u00e9m povrchu z 80 km\/h<\/strong> je brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha letn\u00edch pneumatik 39,2 metru a zimn\u00edch pneumatik 47,6 metru. Letn\u00ed pneumatiky jsou na tom o cca 8,5 metru l\u00e9pe. Na sn\u011bhu se v\u0161ak situace radik\u00e1ln\u011b obr\u00e1t\u00ed. Dobr\u00e9 letn\u00ed pneumatiky dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru zastavit z rychlosti 50 km\/h<\/strong> na cca 70 metrech, zimn\u00ed zastav\u00ed ji\u017e na 35 metrech! A to je jist\u011b argument pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zimn\u00edch pneumatik<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e1 je brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha tramvaje a autobusu MHD?<\/em><\/strong>
\nPra\u017esk\u00fd dopravn\u00ed podnik provedl zku\u0161ebn\u00ed experiment, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e tramvaj a autobus oba jedouc\u00ed rychlost\u00ed 40 km\/hod m\u011bli zastavit. D\u00e9lka brzdn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy u tramvaje byla 26 metr\u016f, autobus stihl zastavit na 12-ti metrech. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed Audi TT zastav\u00ed na necel\u00fdch 6 metrech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vliv hloubky dez\u00e9nu na brzdnou dr\u00e1hu<\/em><\/strong>
\nMinim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ka dez\u00e9nu<\/a> je stanovena z\u00e1konem. U letn\u00edch pneumatik \u010din\u00ed 1,6 mm, u zimn\u00edch pneumatik<\/a> 4 mm. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech je to opravdu nejmen\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka. Nov\u00e1 pneumatika m\u00e1 vzorek hlubok\u00fd 7-8 mm. Testy prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee u\u017e polovi\u010dn\u00ed ojet\u00ed pneumatiky jej\u00ed vlastnosti podstatn\u011b zhor\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159i mal\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce dez\u00e9nu<\/a> toti\u017e nest\u00edhaj\u00ed odtokov\u00e9 kan\u00e1lky v\u010das odv\u00e1d\u011bt vodu ze stopy, t\u00edm se sni\u017euje adheze mezi pneumatikou a vozovkou. Roste riziko vzniku akvaplaningu<\/a>. Z toho logicky vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1v\u011br: \u010d\u00edm m\u011bl\u010d\u00ed jsou dr\u00e1\u017eky, t\u00edm je na mokru del\u0161\u00ed brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"cs_brzdna_draha_004\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Vliv st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pneumatik na brzdnou dr\u00e1hu
\n<\/em><\/strong>Tak jako v\u0161e ostatn\u00ed i pneumatika za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hned po vyroben\u00ed st\u00e1rnout, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u016fsoben\u00edm vzduchu (ozonu) a slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. St\u00e1rnut\u00edm ztr\u00e1c\u00ed pneumatika svoje vlastnosti.<\/strong> Ide\u00e1ln\u011b by se m\u011bly pneumatiky pou\u017e\u00edvat cca 6 let<\/strong>, pak se pry\u017e st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tvrdou, p\u00f3rovitou, objevuj\u00ed se v n\u00ed drobn\u00e9 trhliny atd. To v\u0161e vede k prodlou\u017een\u00ed brzdn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy<\/strong>. Tento vliv je nejv\u00edce patrn\u00fd u p\u0159est\u00e1rl\u00fdch zimn\u00edch pneumatik<\/a>. St\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pneumatiky pozn\u00e1te podle tzv. DOT k\u00f3du<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vliv \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky dez\u00e9nu na brzdnou dr\u00e1hu<\/strong>
\n\u010c\u00edm \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed je pneumatika, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je sty\u010dn\u00e1 plocha pneumatiky s vozovkou. Velk\u00e1 sty\u010dn\u00e1 plocha dovol\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e9st v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed brzdn\u00e9 \u010di akcelera\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly. To ov\u0161em plat\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na such\u00e9 vozovce. D\u016fkazem m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1vody F1, na kter\u00fdch se v minulosti pou\u017e\u00edvaly pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zcela bez vzorku, tzv. slicky<\/a>. Za mokra se v\u0161ak situace trochu komplikuje. P\u0159ed val\u00edc\u00ed se pneumatikou, bez pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pod\u00e9ln\u00fdch dr\u00e1\u017eek, se nem\u00e1 voda kudy zmizet. Hromad\u00edc\u00ed se voda vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jak\u00fdsi kl\u00edn a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vzniku akvaplaningu<\/a>. Proto b\u00fdvaj\u00ed u \u0161irok\u00fdch pneumatik pou\u017eity kan\u00e1lky s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kapacitou, jeliko\u017e mus\u00ed stihnout odv\u00e1d\u011bt v\u00edce vody.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha je vzd\u00e1lenost, na kter\u00e9 se vozidlo jedouc\u00ed ur\u010ditou po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed vlivem p\u016fsoben\u00ed brzdn\u00fdch sil \u00fapln\u011b zastav\u00ed. Tento z\u00e1kladn\u00ed parametr bezpe\u010dnosti je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na rychlosti \u0159idi\u010dovy reakce, kvalit\u011b brzd a p\u0159ilnavosti pneumatik.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,11,3,12,678,29],"tags":[244,60,39,242,243],"class_list":["post-1887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-aktivni-bezpecnost","category-bezpecnost","category-pasivni-bezpecnost","category-pojmy","category-zkratky-a-pojmy","tag-bezpecna-vzdalenost","tag-brzdna-draha","tag-brzdy","tag-delka-brzdne-drahy","tag-reakcni-doba"],"yoast_head":"\nBrzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/brzdna-draha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha - autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha je vzd\u00e1lenost, na kter\u00e9 se vozidlo jedouc\u00ed ur\u010ditou po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed vlivem p\u016fsoben\u00ed brzdn\u00fdch sil \u00fapln\u011b zastav\u00ed. Tento z\u00e1kladn\u00ed parametr bezpe\u010dnosti je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na rychlosti \u0159idi\u010dovy reakce, kvalit\u011b brzd a p\u0159ilnavosti pneumatik.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/brzdna-draha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-01-19T00:13:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-14T12:00:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/cs_brzdna_draha_002.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"258\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ing. 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