{"id":2361,"date":"2018-04-05T13:50:29","date_gmt":"2018-04-05T13:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.autolexicon.net\/?p=2361"},"modified":"2025-01-22T12:00:11","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T12:00:11","slug":"emise-vyfukovych-plynu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/emise-vyfukovych-plynu\/","title":{"rendered":"Emise v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Aby mohl b\u00fdt automobil homologov\u00e1n, mus\u00ed plnit \u0159adu norem, mezi jin\u00fdmi i d\u016fle\u017eitou emisn\u00ed normu. Emisn\u00ed norma ur\u010duje mno\u017estv\u00ed spalin, kter\u00e9 automobil m\u016f\u017ee vypou\u0161t\u011bt do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong> V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice upravuje tyto hodnoty z\u00e1kon \u010d. 56\/2001 Sb. ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Tyto p\u0159edpisy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z norem Evropsk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komise EHK a Evropsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed (ES). Jako souhrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed norem emisn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ozna\u010den\u00ed EURO + \u010d\u00edslo normy<\/a><\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b platn\u00e9 EURO 7<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>D\u00edky t\u011bmto norm\u00e1m se v Evrop\u011b da\u0159\u00ed sni\u017eovat emise nap\u0159. CO2<\/sub><\/a>, i kdy\u017e trochu paradoxn\u011b norma EURO limit pro oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd nestanovuje. Od roku 1995 do roku 2003 klesly pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 emise CO2<\/sub><\/a> ze 186 na 164 g\/km. Evropsk\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 komise by r\u00e1da dos\u00e1hla v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru 120 g\/km do roku 2012. V\u00fdvoj a v\u00fdroba takov\u00fdch motor\u016f je v\u0161ak podle automobilek velmi n\u00e1kladn\u00e1. Jednou z cest jak podpo\u0159it v\u00fdvoj ekologick\u00fdch motor\u016f jsou da\u0148ov\u00e9 a jin\u00e9 \u00falevy pro ekologicky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed motoristy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"ilustra\u010dn\u00ed<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdrobc\u016f je toho n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee zaveden\u00ed nov\u00fdch emisn\u00edch norem Euro bude v\u00e9st k r\u016fstu cen nov\u00fdch automobil\u016f. Na druhou stranu zaveden\u00ed nov\u00e9 normy Euro<\/a> 5<\/a> sn\u00ed\u017eilo mno\u017estv\u00ed saz\u00ed u vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motor\u016f proti Euro 4<\/a> p\u011btin\u00e1sobn\u011b<\/strong>. Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je, \u017ee aktu\u00e1ln\u011b platn\u00e1 norma Euro 5 povoluje o 97% m\u00e9n\u011b saz\u00ed ne\u017e patn\u00e1ct let star\u00e1 norma Euro 1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Sledovan\u00e9 emisn\u00ed slo\u017eky:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

CO<\/strong><\/span> – bezbarv\u00fd plyn, bez chuti a bez z\u00e1pachu, je leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e vzduch, je nedr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fd a v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd; oxid uhelnat\u00fd se v\u00e1\u017ee na hemoglobin (krevn\u00ed barvivo) 200-300 kr\u00e1t rychleji ne\u017e kysl\u00edk, kter\u00fd je t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem vyt\u011bs\u0148ov\u00e1n, t\u00edm je zabr\u00e1n\u011bno p\u0159enosu vzduchu z plic do tk\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 je jedovat\u00fd. Vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i nedokonal\u00e9m spalov\u00e1n\u00ed uhlovod\u00edk\u016f. V norm\u00e1ln\u00edch koncentrac\u00edch v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b brzo oxiduje na oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd CO2<\/sub><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CO2<\/sub><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 bezbarv\u00fd plyn, bez chuti a z\u00e1pachu; nen\u00ed jedovat\u00fd, ale zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinky CO a pod\u00edl\u00ed se na vzniku sklen\u00edkov\u00e9ho efektu. Emisn\u00ed norma EURO nelimituje mno\u017estv\u00ed CO2<\/sub><\/a>.<\/strong> V\u00edce o CO2<\/sub> zde<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

HC<\/strong><\/span> – nesp\u00e1len\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky, obsahuj\u00ed karcinogenn\u00ed arom\u00e1ty, jedovat\u00e9 aldehydy a nejedovat\u00e9 alkany a alkeny, plus dal\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eky. Vznikaj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu spalov\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun kysl\u00edku nebo je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 chud\u00e1 sm\u011bs a obsah v\u00e1lce dostate\u010dn\u011b neproho\u0159\u00ed. Na slune\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011btle reaguj\u00ed s oxidy dus\u00edku a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed l\u00e1tky dr\u00e1\u017ed\u00edc\u00ed sliznici. V l\u00e9t\u011b se tyto l\u00e1tky pod\u00edlej\u00ed na vniku jedovat\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00edho oz\u00f3nu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

NOx<\/sub><\/strong><\/span> – oxidy dus\u00edku maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky jako NO, NO2<\/sub>, napadaj\u00ed pl\u00edce a sliznice. Vznikaj\u00ed v motoru za vysok\u00fdch teplot a tlak\u016f b\u011bhem ho\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i nadbytku kysl\u00edku. N\u011bkter\u00e9 oxidy dus\u00edku jsou zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9! Opat\u0159en\u00ed vedouc\u00ed ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eby paliva mohou v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pod\u00edlu oxid\u016f dus\u00edku ve v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plynech<\/strong>, nebo\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spalov\u00e1n\u00ed vede k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm teplot\u00e1m spalov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010casto se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u201eekologick\u00fd\u201c turbodiesel m\u00e1 sice n\u00edzk\u00e9 emise CO2<\/sub>, ale d\u00edky nadm\u011brn\u00e9 produkci NOx<\/sub> dosahuje pouze emisn\u00ed normy Euro<\/a> 4. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed redukce oxid\u016f dus\u00edku je nap\u0159\u00edklad aditivum AdBlue<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

SO2<\/sub><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 \u0161tiplav\u011b p\u00e1chnouc\u00ed, bezbarv\u00fd, neho\u0159lav\u00fd plyn, napad\u00e1 sliznici a pl\u00edce. Podporuje vznik onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm paliva s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahem s\u00edry se obsah oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho ve v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plynech sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pb<\/strong><\/span> – olovo je jedovat\u00fd t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd kov, dnes je palivo u \u010derpac\u00edch stanic b\u011b\u017en\u011b k dost\u00e1n\u00ed pouze bez olova, mazac\u00ed vlastnosti olova jsou nahrazeny aditivy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

PM (Saze)<\/strong><\/span> \u2013 PM (Particulate Matter) \u010d\u00e1stice saz\u00ed, zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, funguj\u00ed jako nosi\u010de karcinogen\u016f a mutagen\u016f.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed emisn\u00ed slo\u017eky:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

N2<\/sub><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 dus\u00edk je neho\u0159lav\u00fd, bezbarv\u00fd nejedovat\u00fd plyn bez z\u00e1pachu. Dus\u00edk je hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vzduchu, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me (78% N2<\/sub>, 21% O2<\/sub>, 1% ostatn\u00ed plyny). P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st dus\u00edku se po skon\u010den\u00ed spalovac\u00edho procesu vrac\u00ed ve v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plynech zp\u011bt do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st reaguje s kysl\u00edkem a vznikaj\u00ed oxidy dus\u00edku NOX<\/sub>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O2<\/sub><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 kysl\u00edk je bezbarv\u00fd, nejedovat\u00fd plyn bez chuti a z\u00e1pachu. Je nezbytn\u00fd pro proces spalov\u00e1n\u00ed.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

H2<\/sub>O<\/strong><\/span> \u2013 voda ve form\u011b vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry, je nas\u00e1v\u00e1na spolu se vzduchem<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00edky vzr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edm exhalac\u00edm v hust\u011b obydlen\u00fdch oblastech a nov\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm ekologick\u00fdm dan\u00edm jsou emise v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f pozorn\u011b sledovanou veli\u010dinou. Dnes ji\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdrobc\u016f automaticky ud\u00e1v\u00e1 hodnotu CO2<\/sub> v technick\u00fdch datech ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu vozu. Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd bohu\u017eel nen\u00ed jedinou slo\u017ekou v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, kter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed zplodiny vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z v\u00fdfuku?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1162,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,533,1473,29],"tags":[82,500,201,501],"class_list":["post-2361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-ekologie-zkratky-a-pojmy","category-elektromobilita","category-zkratky-a-pojmy","tag-emise","tag-paliva","tag-palivo","tag-slozky-vyfukovych-plynu"],"yoast_head":"\nEmise v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00edky vzr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edm exhalac\u00edm v hust\u011b obydlen\u00fdch oblastech a nov\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm ekologick\u00fdm dan\u00edm jsou emise v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f pozorn\u011b sledovanou veli\u010dinou. 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