{"id":2678,"date":"2011-04-13T06:17:40","date_gmt":"2011-04-13T06:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.autolexicon.net\/?p=2678"},"modified":"2024-07-03T13:19:58","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T13:19:58","slug":"konska-sila","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/konska-sila\/","title":{"rendered":"Ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla (k\u016f\u0148, k)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b se pro ko\u0148skou s\u00edlu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zkratka k<\/em> (n\u011bkdy nespr\u00e1vn\u011b ks), anglick\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro ko\u0148skou s\u00edlu je hp<\/em> (horsepower), v N\u011bmecku se setk\u00e1te se zkratkou PS<\/em> (Pferdest\u00e4rke). Tato jednotka popisuje v\u00fdkon, tedy pr\u00e1ci vykonanou za ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das.<\/strong> Vzhledem k historick\u00fdm souvislostem byla tato jednotka nav\u00e1z\u00e1na na s\u00edlu resp. pr\u00e1ci kon\u011b. Dnes je jednotka \u201ek\u016f\u0148\u201c postupn\u011b vytla\u010dov\u00e1na a nahrazov\u00e1na jednotkou SI Watt.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Historie:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Na konci 18. stolet\u00ed st\u00e1l anglick\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce James Watt p\u0159ed probl\u00e9mem, jak sv\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm p\u0159ipodobnit v\u00fdkon jim vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch parn\u00edch stroj\u016f k v\u00fdkonu tehdy b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at. Podle zku\u0161enost\u00ed s pon\u00edky pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v jednom dole odhadoval, \u017ee pon\u00edk zap\u0159a\u017een\u00fd do \u017eentouru vyzdvihne 22 000 stopliber za minutu. V\u00fdkon kon\u011b odhadoval o \u00bd v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, tzn. ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla byla rovna v\u00fdkonu 33 000 stopliber za minutu. James Watt tedy stanovil n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed definici:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jedna ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla je rovna v\u00fdkonu, kter\u00fd pod\u00e1v\u00e1 soustavn\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u016f\u0148, kter\u00fd zap\u0159a\u017een\u00fd v \u017eentouru zdv\u00edh\u00e1 n\u00e1klad 180 liber a ujde p\u0159i tom za hodinu 144 kole\u010dek o polom\u011bru 12 stop.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hodnotu vypo\u010d\u00edtanou z hmotnosti b\u0159emene a u\u0161l\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti (podle po\u010dtu kole\u010dek \u017eentouru) James Watt zaokrouhlil na 33 000 stopliber za minutu. Watt ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b nemohl svou jednotku p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtat do dnes pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 soustavy SI, nebo\u0165 tehdy je\u0161t\u011b jednotn\u00e1 soustava jednotek SI neexistovala. Z historick\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu existuj\u00ed dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed varianty ko\u0148sk\u00e9 s\u00edly<\/strong>. Rozd\u00edl je zp\u016fsoben r\u016fznou definic\u00ed velikosti liber a stop, kter\u00e9 se m\u011bnily s m\u00edstem pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed i s dobou. Mechanick\u00e1 ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na v Anglii a USA, zat\u00edm co v Evrop\u011b, Asii a Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 metrick\u00e1 ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla. Tento rozd\u00edl (1,4%) zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje odli\u0161nosti p\u0159i publikov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkon\u016f motor\u016f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Mechanick\u00e1 ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\nMetrick\u00e1 ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 k = 745,69987 W<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1 k = 735,49875 W<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

Co jste nev\u011bd\u011bli:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u010c\u00edm se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdkon motoru?<\/strong>
\nPro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu motoru tzv. v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 charakteristiky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dynamometry. Dynamometry, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pod ozna\u010den\u00edm v\u00fdkonov\u00e1 brzda, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch princip\u016f. Prakticky v\u017edy v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 brzdy ma\u0159\u00ed energii zkou\u0161en\u00e9ho motoru n\u011bjak\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, zpravidla p\u0159evodem na snadno m\u011b\u0159itelnou elektrickou energii.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1 se p\u0159irovnat ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla k lidsk\u00e9 s\u00edle?<\/strong><\/span>
\nKo\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla (horsepower) je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b desetin\u00e1sobn\u00e1: 1 k\u016f\u0148 = 9,863 \u010dlov\u011bka
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jak p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1m v\u00fdkon v kon\u00edch na v\u00fdkon v kilowatech?<\/strong>
\nV\u00fdkon v kon\u00edch jednodu\u0161e vyn\u00e1sob\u00edte koeficientem 0,735. Jako dobr\u00e1 mnemotechnick\u00e1 pom\u016fcka m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit znalost, \u017ee motor o v\u00fdkonu 100 kon\u00ed m\u00e1 74 kW.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla byla d\u0159\u00edve velmi \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jednotka v\u00fdkonu. V sou\u010dasnosti se s ko\u0148skou silou setk\u00e1te sp\u00ed\u0161e jen v souvislosti s v\u00fdkony automobilov\u00fdch a motocyklov\u00fdch motor\u016f. Ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla je dnes nahrazena exaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jednotkou SI Watt. S definic\u00ed ko\u0148sk\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159i\u0161el koncem 18. stolet\u00ed anglick\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce James Watt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1338,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,678,29],"tags":[685,684,683,682,189,628],"class_list":["post-2678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-pojmy","category-zkratky-a-pojmy","tag-pferdestarke","tag-horsepower","tag-konska-sila","tag-kun","tag-motor","tag-vykon"],"yoast_head":"\nKo\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla (k\u016f\u0148, k) - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ko\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u00edla byla d\u0159\u00edve velmi \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jednotka v\u00fdkonu. 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