{"id":3964,"date":"2011-06-10T07:07:36","date_gmt":"2011-06-10T07:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.autolexicon.net\/?p=3964"},"modified":"2016-03-27T21:17:03","modified_gmt":"2016-03-27T21:17:03","slug":"naprava-macpherson-mcpherson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/naprava-macpherson-mcpherson\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1prava MacPherson (McPherson)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

N\u00e1prava MacPherson je odvozena od lichob\u011b\u017en\u00edkov\u00e9 n\u00e1pravy, horn\u00ed rameno je v\u0161ak nahrazeno posuvn\u00fdm veden\u00edm. To m\u00e1 oproti lichob\u011b\u017en\u00edkov\u00e9 n\u00e1prav\u011b v\u00fdhodu v z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho prostoru<\/strong> nap\u0159. pro ulo\u017een\u00ed agreg\u00e1tu \u010di prostorn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zavazadlov\u00e9ho prostoru. Spodn\u00ed rameno n\u00e1pravy b\u00fdv\u00e1 troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00e9. Je-li tato n\u00e1prava pou\u017eita jako \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed, nat\u00e1\u010d\u00ed se kolo p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kolem obou lo\u017eisek teleskopick\u00e9 vzp\u011bry, viz obr\u00e1zek. \u00dase\u010dka AB pak tvo\u0159\u00ed rejdovou osu kola.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

kinematick\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed typu MacPherson<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Veden\u00ed ve vzp\u011b\u0159e je konstruov\u00e1no jako hydraulick\u00fd tlumi\u010d. Takov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vy\u017eaduje mnohem tu\u017e\u0161\u00ed a pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukci tlumi\u010de<\/strong>. P\u00edstnice je kv\u016fli v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mnohem siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u jin\u00fdch typ\u016f n\u00e1prav. K zamezen\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edho t\u0159en\u00ed p\u00edst-v\u00e1lec a p\u00edstnice-veden\u00ed se \u010dasto \u0161roubov\u00e1 pru\u017eina ukl\u00e1d\u00e1na \u0161ikmo nebo b\u00fdv\u00e1 horn\u00ed lo\u017eisko ulo\u017eeno do m\u011bkk\u00e9ho pry\u017eov\u00e9ho l\u016f\u017eka.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

p\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1prava typu MacPherson<\/strong><\/cite> <\/cite><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinematick\u00e9 body n\u00e1pravy MacPherson jsou zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny na horn\u00edm obr\u00e1zku. P\u00f3l klopen\u00ed kola P a klopen\u00ed karoserie S le\u017e\u00ed v\u017edy nad rovinou vozovky. P\u0159i propru\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1pravy a nakl\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed karoserie m\u011bn\u00ed kolo hodnotu odklonu. Tato zm\u011bna vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed gyroskopick\u00fd moment, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje kmit\u00e1n\u00ed volantu a neklid \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Kmit\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vznik\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jeli \u00fastroj\u00ed buzeno frekvenc\u00ed bl\u00edzkou jeho vlastn\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

n\u00e1prava MacPherson Mercedes-Benz E-Class<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Historie<\/strong>
\nDnes nejv\u00edce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed typu MacPherson navrhl Ameri\u010dan Earle Steele MacPherson (ne McPherson, jak je \u010dasto myln\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bno) ve \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Earle MacPherson se narodil v\u00a0roce 1891 ve st\u00e1t\u011b Illinois. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky pracoval pro automobilku Chevrolet. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Chevroletu M.E. Coyle se tehdy ob\u00e1val o kupn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 Ameriky, a proto rozhodl o v\u00fdvoji nov\u00e9ho men\u0161\u00edho a levn\u00e9ho vozu. Nem\u011bl st\u00e1t v\u00edce jak 1000$ co\u017e bylo o 10% m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e dosud nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Chevy. Coyle jmenoval na ja\u0159e 1945 MacPhersona \u0161\u00e9fkonstrukt\u00e9rem projektu mal\u00e9ho vozu, kter\u00fd m\u011bl p\u0159ij\u00edt na trh pod jm\u00e9nem Chevrolet Cadet.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

konstrukt\u00e9r Earle Steele MacPherson<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tento v\u016fz m\u011bl p\u0159in\u00e9st \u0159adu technick\u00fdch vylep\u0161en\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 i nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 odpru\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo do t\u00e9 doby v\u00fdsadou evropsk\u00fdch voz\u016f. Management GM a Chevroletu protestoval proti inov\u00e1torsk\u00fdm postup\u016fm \u0161\u00e9fkonstrukt\u00e9ra MacPhersona a tvrdil, \u017ee v\u016fz bude p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00fd. MacPherson proto zvolil cenov\u011b p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pozd\u011bji dostalo jeho jm\u00e9no. MacPherson a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci v\u0161ak byli p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu nov\u00e9ho zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed trochu inspirov\u00e1ni konstrukc\u00ed jin\u00e9ho konstrukt\u00e9ra. Byl j\u00edm Guido Fornaca z\u00a0italsk\u00e9ho FIATu, kter\u00fd ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1927 podal n\u011bkolik podobn\u011b koncipovan\u00fdch patent\u016f. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd s\u00a0t\u011bchto patent\u016f v\u0161ak nebyl p\u0159\u00edmo srovnateln\u00fd s\u00a0n\u00e1vrhem MacPhersona. Earle MacPherson p\u016fvodn\u011b pl\u00e1noval pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00e9ho nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho odpru\u017een\u00ed pro p\u0159edn\u00ed i zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravu.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Chevrolet Cadet s p\u0159edn\u00ed i zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravou typu MacPherson<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Podle n\u00e1zoru veden\u00ed GM v\u0161ak nebyl pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd trh tak slab\u00fd a projekt Chevroletu Cadet byl v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1947 definitivn\u011b zastaven. Earle MacPherson t\u00e9ho\u017e roku ode\u0161el k\u00a0Fordu. U Fordu se Earle MacPherson pod\u00edlel na v\u00fdvoji nov\u00e9ho mal\u00e9ho Fordu s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Vedette. P\u0159esto\u017ee Ford Vedette nem\u011bl samonosnou karoserii jako Chevrolet Cadet, poda\u0159ilo se MacPhersonovy n\u00e1vrhy zapracovat a Ford Vedette se stal prvn\u00edm automobilem s\u00a0n\u00e1pravou typu MacPherson.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ford Vedette prvn\u00ed automobil s\u00a0n\u00e1pravou typu MacPherson<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Video
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=I7XJO3F476M&feature=player_embedded<\/p>\n

Text: <\/strong>Jan Sajdl
\nFoto: <\/strong>www.autolexicon.net, www.mercedes-benz.com, www.carsales.com.au
\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova: <\/strong>n\u00e1prava, zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed kol, McPherson, MacPherson<\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed typu MacPherson je realizov\u00e1no p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdm ramenem uchycen\u00fdm pod osou kola, pru\u017eic\u00ed a tlumic\u00ed jednotkou a spojovac\u00ed ty\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V\u00fdhody t\u00e9to konstrukce jsou v mal\u00e9 neodpru\u017een\u00e9 hmot\u011b, robustn\u00ed konstrukci spodn\u00edho ramene (v\u011bt\u0161inou troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00e9ho tvaru) a kompaktn\u00ed stavb\u011b. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,5,4],"tags":[1089,1088,675,837],"class_list":["post-3964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-podvozek","category-casti-automobilu","tag-macpherson","tag-mcpherson","tag-naprava","tag-zaveseni-kol"],"yoast_head":"\nN\u00e1prava MacPherson (McPherson) - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/naprava-macpherson-mcpherson\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N\u00e1prava MacPherson (McPherson) - autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed typu MacPherson je realizov\u00e1no p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdm ramenem uchycen\u00fdm pod osou kola, pru\u017eic\u00ed a tlumic\u00ed jednotkou a spojovac\u00ed ty\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. 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