{"id":4026,"date":"2011-06-21T06:07:41","date_gmt":"2011-06-21T06:07:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/?p=4026"},"modified":"2016-03-27T21:16:20","modified_gmt":"2016-03-27T21:16:20","slug":"tuha-naprava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/tuha-naprava\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava (chcete-li pevn\u00e1 n\u00e1prava) reprezentuje tzv. z\u00e1visl\u00e9 zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed kol<\/a>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee u tuh\u00e9 n\u00e1pravy jsou ob\u011b kola pevn\u011b spojena<\/strong>. D\u00edky pevn\u00e9mu spojen\u00ed obou kol nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i propru\u017een\u00ed kol ke zm\u011bn\u011b rozchodu. N\u00e1prava je v\u0161ak v\u016f\u010di karoserii odpru\u017eena jako celek, co\u017e zv\u011bt\u0161uje tzv. neodpru\u017een\u00e9 hmoty a zhor\u0161uje j\u00edzdn\u00ed vlastnosti. Tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava je v\u0161ak konstruk\u010dn\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Rovn\u011b\u017e jej\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eba je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a proto se k\u00a0jej\u00edmu pou\u017eit\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i vracej\u00ed i dnes (nap\u0159. VW Beetle II 2011).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

zadn\u00ed tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava s\u00a0Panhardskou ty\u010d\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tuh\u00e9 n\u00e1pravy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostor k\u00a0propru\u017een\u00ed a proto m\u00e1 automobil s\u00a0tuhou n\u00e1pravou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stavbu a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed polohu t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b v\u0161ak zhor\u0161uje stabilitu vozidla hlavn\u011b p\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b zat\u00e1\u010dkou <\/strong>(zv\u011bt\u0161uje se toti\u017e rameno klopn\u00e9ho momentu karoserie). Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btl\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka tak\u00e9 zv\u011bt\u0161uje celkovou \u010deln\u00ed plochu automobilu, co\u017e zv\u011bt\u0161uje odpor vzduchu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00a0hlediska j\u00edzdn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho veden\u00ed vozidla je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby zejm\u00e9na p\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 kola byla v\u00a0neust\u00e1l\u00e9m styku s\u00a0vozovkou. V\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm odpru\u017een\u00edm je veden\u00ed kola pomoc\u00ed tuh\u00e9 n\u00e1pravy mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong> Proto se dnes p\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, v\u00fdjimku tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze n\u011bkter\u00e9 pravov\u011brn\u00e9 ter\u00e9nn\u00ed automobily.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Jeep Wrangler 1991<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Zprvu byla tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava odpru\u017eena pod\u00e9ln\u00fdmi p\u016fleliptick\u00fdmi listov\u00fdmi pru\u017einami (p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159edn\u00ed konec pru\u017einy byl ulo\u017een pevn\u011b, kde\u017eto zadn\u00ed kluzn\u011b nebo pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdkyvn\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku), kter\u00e9 byly jedin\u00fdm a nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tuh\u00fdm veden\u00edm n\u00e1pravy<\/strong>. Nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 veden\u00ed n\u00e1pravy se projevovalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na zhor\u0161en\u00fdch j\u00edzdn\u00edch vlastnostech. Pozd\u011bji se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed uplat\u0148ovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 listov\u00e9 pru\u017einy a nakonec vinut\u00e9 pru\u017einy.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

pod\u00e9ln\u00e1 listov\u00e1 pru\u017eina<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e1 listov\u00e1 pru\u017eina<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

V\u00fdhody zadn\u00ed tuh\u00e9 n\u00e1pravy<\/strong> jsou jednoduch\u00e1, tuh\u00e1 konstrukce bez \u010dep\u016f a kloub\u016f, neust\u00e1l\u00fd p\u0159esn\u00fd styk pneumatiky s\u00a0vozovkou v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159i b\u011bhounu<\/a> a konstantn\u00ed rozchod kol. Za tyto vlastnosti se v\u0161ak plat\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed neodpru\u017eenou hmotou, kter\u00e1 je zejm\u00e9na u poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravy nemal\u00e1: krom\u011b vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1pravy s\u00a0koly a brzdami kmitaj\u00ed i cel\u00e9 hnac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddele s\u00a0\u00faplnou rozvodovkou a je\u0161t\u011b \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed spojovac\u00ed h\u0159\u00eddele. K\u00a0tomu v\u0161emu je t\u0159eba p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst tak\u00e9 zhruba polovinu hmoty vod\u00edc\u00edch vzp\u011br, ramen a t\u00e1hel a polovinu pru\u017e\u00edc\u00edch a tlum\u00edc\u00edch jednotek. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee cel\u00e1 konstrukce n\u00e1pravy je skute\u010dn\u011b jednoduch\u00fdm a tuh\u00fdm celkem<\/strong>, co\u017e je v\u00fdhodou pro vozidla s velk\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem nebo pro vozidla s\u00a0velkou nosnost\u00ed \u010di vozidla ur\u010den\u00e1 do ter\u00e9nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

tuh\u00e1 zadn\u00ed poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 n\u00e1prava Opel Record E<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jak je vid\u011bt na p\u0159\u00edkladu tuh\u00e9 hnan\u00ed zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravy Opelu Record, suvn\u00e9 s\u00edly obvykle zachycuj\u00ed dv\u011b pod\u00e9ln\u00e9 vzp\u011bry (tzv. suvn\u00e1 ramena) ulo\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0karoserii. Reakce od brzdn\u00fdch a hnac\u00edch moment\u016f je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena p\u0159es tuh\u00fd celek rozvodovka-kardan\u016fv h\u0159\u00eddel. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 veden\u00ed n\u00e1pravy je zaji\u0161t\u011bno tzv. panhardskou ty\u010d\u00ed<\/a>, nebo jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravy Rover 2600S Wattov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edmovodem<\/a>. Na obr\u00e1zku zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravy Roveru 2600S je p\u011bkn\u011b zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno m\u00edsto uchycen\u00ed tuh\u00e9ho celku rozvodovka-kardan do st\u0159edu karoserie, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00e9ho jsou zachycov\u00e1ny silov\u00e9 momenty od akcelerace \u010di brzd\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

tuh\u00e1 zadn\u00ed poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 n\u00e1prava Rover 2600S<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdvojov\u00fdm mezistupn\u011bm mezi poh\u00e1n\u011bnou tuhou n\u00e1pravou a nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm zav\u011b\u0161en\u00edm<\/a> je n\u00e1prava De Dion<\/a><\/strong>, kterou si obl\u00edbila \u0159ada sportovn\u00edch vozu ze 60-t\u00fdch let. Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1pravy De Dion<\/a> sni\u017euje hmotnosti neodpru\u017een\u00fdch hmot, z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017e\u0148uje pevnou fixaci obou kol.<\/span><\/p>\n

Galerie:<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

zadn\u00ed tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava Simca 1300<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

zadn\u00ed tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava Opel Combo 2000<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Text: <\/strong>Jan Sajdl
\nFoto: <\/strong>www.autolexicon.net
\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova: <\/strong>zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed kol, n\u00e1prava, tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava, druhy zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed, beam axle<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava je p\u0159\u00edkladem z\u00e1visl\u00e9ho zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed kol. P\u0159ed druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou to byl hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd zp\u016fsob zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed kol, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd dokonce i pro p\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzenou n\u00e1pravu. Dnes se tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e jen jako zadn\u00ed n\u00e1prava lehk\u00fdch u\u017eitkov\u00fdch a ter\u00e9nn\u00edch automobil\u016f. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4025,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,5,4],"tags":[1092,1072,675,1091,837],"class_list":["post-4026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-podvozek","category-casti-automobilu","tag-beam-axle","tag-druhy-zaveseni","tag-naprava","tag-tuha-naprava","tag-zaveseni-kol"],"yoast_head":"\nTuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/tuha-naprava\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava - autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava je p\u0159\u00edkladem z\u00e1visl\u00e9ho zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed kol. P\u0159ed druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou to byl hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd zp\u016fsob zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed kol, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd dokonce i pro p\u0159edn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzenou n\u00e1pravu. Dnes se tuh\u00e1 n\u00e1prava pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e jen jako zadn\u00ed n\u00e1prava lehk\u00fdch u\u017eitkov\u00fdch a ter\u00e9nn\u00edch automobil\u016f.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/tuha-naprava\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-06-21T06:07:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-03-27T21:16:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/tuha_naprava_008.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"375\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"252\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ing. 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