{"id":4318,"date":"2011-08-25T00:50:45","date_gmt":"2011-08-25T00:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/?p=4318"},"modified":"2016-03-27T21:03:41","modified_gmt":"2016-03-27T21:03:41","slug":"gdi-gasoline-direct-injection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/gdi-gasoline-direct-injection\/","title":{"rendered":"GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed motor GDI, \u010dili motor s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm benz\u00ednu, p\u0159edstavila automobilka Mitsubishi v\u00a0modelu Galant. Psal se rok 1996 a modern\u00ed \u0159adov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lcov\u00fd motor 1.8 GDI s\u00a0rozvodem DOHC a \u010dty\u0159mi ventily na v\u00e1lec za\u010dal ps\u00e1t novou kapitolu historie z\u00e1\u017eehov\u00fdch motor\u016f. Motory s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm paliva spaluj\u00ed palivo mnohem efektivn\u011bji<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e dosahuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdkon\u016f, lep\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fb\u011bhu kroutic\u00edho momentu, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159eby paliva a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch emis\u00ed v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

motor GDI<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm do s\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikem paliva je v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b, kde je tvo\u0159ena sm\u011bs. D\u0159\u00edve bylo palivo vst\u0159ikov\u00e1no do proudu vzduchu v\u00a0sac\u00edm potrub\u00ed, s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edchodem p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed je palivo vst\u0159ikov\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edmo do v\u00e1lce. Motory s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm benz\u00ednu maj\u00ed tud\u00ed\u017e n\u011bjak\u00e9 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed odli\u0161nosti<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa sac\u00ed kan\u00e1l je svisl\u00fd kv\u016fli optim\u00e1ln\u00edmu nasm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed proudu vzduchu a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu pln\u011bn\u00ed v\u00e1lce<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa dno p\u00edstu je tvarov\u00e9; tvar p\u00edstu spolu s\u00a0vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm sac\u00edm kan\u00e1lem umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ovat proud sm\u011bsi rovnob\u011b\u017en\u011b s\u00a0osou v\u00e1lce<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25aa motory GDI maj\u00ed vysokotlak\u00e9 palivov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo se syst\u00e9mem common rail<\/a> a vysokotlak\u00e9 vst\u0159ikova\u010de<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Princip<\/strong>
\nMotor GDI pracuje ve dvou, resp. t\u0159ech, r\u016fzn\u00fdch re\u017eimech vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1paln\u00e9 sm\u011bsi:<\/span><\/p>\n

velmi chud\u00e1 (vrstven\u00e1) sm\u011bs<\/strong> \u2013 re\u017eim pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd p\u0159i volnob\u011bhu a n\u00edzk\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dk\u00e1ch do 2500\u00a0ot\/min. V\u00fdkon je v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b regulov\u00e1n kvalitativn\u011b, tj. zm\u011bnou slo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1paln\u00e9 sm\u011bsi. Nas\u00e1van\u00fd vzduch je veden obtokem kolem \u0161krtic\u00ed klapky, aby se zmen\u0161ily energetick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 chudou sm\u011bs v\u016fbec zap\u00e1lit je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dokonal\u00e9 rozvrstven\u00ed sm\u011bsi<\/strong>. Palivo se vst\u0159ikuje do proudu vzduchu a\u017e na konci kompresn\u00edho zdvihu<\/a> t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed za\u017eehnut\u00edm sm\u011bsi. Proto je mo\u017en\u00e9 za\u017eehnout i celkov\u011b velmi chudou sm\u011bs<\/strong> se sm\u011b\u0161ovac\u00edm pom\u011brem a\u017e 40:1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

re\u017eim zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed velmi chud\u00e9 sm\u011bsi<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

stechiometrick\u00e1 homogenn\u00ed sm\u011bs<\/strong> \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159i pln\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. V\u00fdkon je regulov\u00e1n \u0161krtic\u00ed klapkou, kter\u00e1 se v\u0161ak vychyluje v\u00a0oblasti maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho otev\u0159en\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pouze mal\u00fd odpor. Benz\u00edn je vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n do v\u00e1lc\u016f ji\u017e b\u011bhem sac\u00edho zdvihu, s\u00a0d\u016frazem na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed stechiometrick\u00e9ho sm\u011b\u0161ovac\u00edho pom\u011bru (14,7:1). Vst\u0159ikovan\u00e9 palivo tvo\u0159\u00ed stejnorodou (homogenn\u00ed) sm\u011bs.<\/strong> K\u00a0tomu napom\u00e1h\u00e1 i odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vst\u0159ikovan\u00e9ho paliva, kter\u00e9 nav\u00edc ochlazuje vzduch ve v\u00e1lci a dovoluje vysok\u00fd kompresn\u00ed pom\u011br<\/a>. Vysok\u00fd kompresn\u00ed pom\u011br pom\u00e1h\u00e1 k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti a k\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed citlivosti motoru na detona\u010dn\u00ed spalov\u00e1n\u00ed (klep\u00e1n\u00ed motoru).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

re\u017eim spalov\u00e1n\u00ed stechiometrick\u00e9 sm\u011bsi<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

zrychlen\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 p\u0159i akceleraci p\u0159epne \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed jednotka motoru na dvouf\u00e1zov\u00e9 vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed paliva<\/strong>. Nejprve se p\u0159i s\u00e1n\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edkne mal\u00e9 pilotn\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed benz\u00ednu a a\u017e t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed z\u00e1\u017eehem je vst\u0159\u00edknuta hlavn\u00ed d\u00e1vka. T\u00edm se p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed detona\u010dn\u00edmu spalov\u00e1n\u00ed (klep\u00e1n\u00ed motoru).<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny motoru s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm benz\u00ednu<\/em><\/strong>
\nD\u00edky velk\u00e9mu p\u0159ebytku vzduchu, \u010dili spalov\u00e1n\u00ed velmi chud\u00e9 sm\u011bsi, vylu\u010duje motor GDI vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed oxid\u016f dus\u00edku (NOx)<\/a>, kter\u00e9 by b\u011b\u017en\u00fd katalyz\u00e1tor<\/a> nebyl schopen odbourat. Technicky je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt akumula\u010dn\u00ed, nebo selektivn\u011b reduk\u010dn\u00ed katalyz\u00e1tor<\/a>. Ten prvn\u011b jmenovan\u00e1 zachycuje z\u00a0v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/a> oxidy dus\u00edku pouze po ur\u010ditou dobu, po n\u00ed\u017e mus\u00ed doj\u00edt k\u00a0jeho \u201evy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u201c, tzn. provozu p\u0159i hodnot\u011b lambda<\/a> = 1. V\u00a0\u00fasporn\u00e9m re\u017eimu to v\u0161ak znamen\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed spot\u0159eby paliva, proto se tento zp\u016fsob u motor\u016f GDI nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Selektivn\u011b reduk\u010dn\u00ed katalyz\u00e1tor (SCR)<\/a> sice nedosahuje takov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti, ale pracuje bez n\u00e1roku na \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historie<\/strong>
\nPrvn\u00ed pokusy s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm benz\u00ednu za\u010daly ji\u017e koncem t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00fd konstrukt\u00e9r Hesselman tehdy vytvo\u0159il motor kombinuj\u00edc\u00ed spalov\u00e1n\u00ed benz\u00ednu a nafty. V\u00a0roce 1937 se p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed benz\u00ednu vyu\u017e\u00edvalo u vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch motor\u016f (Junkers Jumo 210, Daimler-Benz DB 601). Prvn\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 automobily s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikem benz\u00ednu<\/strong> p\u0159i\u0161ly na trh a\u017e v\u00a0roce 1952 (Gutbrod Superior 600 a Goliath 700 GP) a dlouho se ve v\u00fdrob\u011b neudr\u017eely. Kv\u016fli vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na v\u00fdrobu i provoz se postupn\u011b toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed opustilo a p\u0159e\u0161lo k finan\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsob\u016fm. V\u00a0roce 1954 dostal p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed benz\u00ednu i slavn\u00fd Mercedes-Benz 300 SL. P\u0159esto se d\u00e1 za p\u0159elomov\u00fd rok pova\u017eovat a\u017e rok 1996 a p\u0159edstaven\u00ed motoru GDI.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Video:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Pxvp9F-PS34<\/span><\/p>\n

Text:<\/strong> Jan Sajdl
\nFoto: <\/strong>www.mitsubishi.com
\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova: <\/strong>motor, p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vst\u0159ik, p\u0159\u00edm\u00ed vst\u0159ik benz\u00ednu, z\u00e1\u017eehov\u00fd motor, Mitsubishi, GDI<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zkratka GDI ozna\u010duje z\u00e1\u017eehov\u00e9 motory s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikem benz\u00ednu. Automobilka Mitsubishi byla prvn\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem, kter\u00fd tyto motory zavedl. Stejn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed nesou tak\u00e9 motory automobilek Hyundai a Kia. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4324,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,751,4],"tags":[1118,1111,189,1117,278,355],"class_list":["post-4318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-motor-casti-automobilu","category-casti-automobilu","tag-gdi","tag-mitsubishi","tag-motor","tag-primi-vstrik-benzinu","tag-primy-vstrik","tag-zazehovy-motor"],"yoast_head":"\nGDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/gdi-gasoline-direct-injection\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) - autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zkratka GDI ozna\u010duje z\u00e1\u017eehov\u00e9 motory s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikem benz\u00ednu. Automobilka Mitsubishi byla prvn\u00edm v\u00fdrobcem, kter\u00fd tyto motory zavedl. Stejn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed nesou tak\u00e9 motory automobilek Hyundai a Kia.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/gdi-gasoline-direct-injection\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-08-25T00:50:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-03-27T21:03:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/cs_gdi_003.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1180\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"787\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ing. 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