{"id":4760,"date":"2019-02-15T00:40:17","date_gmt":"2019-02-15T00:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/?p=4760"},"modified":"2021-01-25T20:30:52","modified_gmt":"2021-01-25T20:30:52","slug":"cetanove-cislo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/cetanove-cislo\/","title":{"rendered":"Cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Po\u017eadavek na dobrou vzn\u011btlivost vst\u0159ikovan\u00e9ho paliva plyne z principu pr\u00e1ce vzn\u011btov\u00e9ho motoru. Pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd chod vzn\u011btov\u00e9ho motoru je charakteristick\u00fd tzv. pr\u016ftah vzn\u00edcen\u00ed. Pr\u016ftah vzn\u00edcen\u00ed<\/strong> je doba, kter\u00e1 uplyne mezi vst\u0159ikem paliva do spalovac\u00edho prostoru a okam\u017eikem vzn\u00edcen\u00ed. Aby byla tato doba p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed nejen na chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed a destila\u010dn\u00edch vlastnostech paliva, ale i na konstrukci vst\u0159ikovac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a proveden\u00ed spalovac\u00edho prostoru. Z hlediska vlastnost\u00ed paliva je vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena cetanov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem (C\u010c nebo CN)<\/strong>. Motor spaluj\u00edc\u00ed palivo s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm cetanov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem l\u00e9pe startuje<\/a>, m\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, ti\u0161\u0161\u00ed a hlad\u0161\u00ed chod a tak\u00e9 v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny<\/a> maj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed emisn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed<\/a>. Motor spaluj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed naftu m\u00e1 i ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu.<\/span><\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

nafta – ilustra\u010dn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mal\u00e9 cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/strong> zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee prodleva vzn\u00edcen\u00ed je dlouh\u00e1 a v okam\u017eiku vzn\u00edcen\u00ed je ve spalovac\u00edm prostoru rozpr\u00e1\u0161eno a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b i odpa\u0159eno velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed paliva. To zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee se sou\u010dasn\u011b vzn\u00edt\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed paliva, co\u017e zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst tlaku ve spalovac\u00edm prostoru motoru. To m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u201etvrd\u00fd chod\u201c motoru a jeho hlu\u010dnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Velk\u00e9 cetanov\u00e9<\/strong> \u010d\u00edslo<\/strong> naopak zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee prodleva vzn\u00edcen\u00ed je kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, a palivo za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ho\u0159et velmi bl\u00edzko u vst\u0159ikovac\u00ed trysky. To vede k tomu, \u017ee palivo je nedostate\u010dn\u011b prom\u00edseno se vzduchem, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nedokonal\u00e9mu ho\u0159en\u00ed a vzniku saz\u00ed<\/a>. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 je i bl\u00edzkost plamene u trysky, kter\u00e1 \u010dasto vede k jej\u00edmu zape\u010den\u00ed, tj. vzniku karbonov\u00fdch usazenin ucp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdst\u0159ikov\u00e9 otv\u016frky trysky, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zad\u0159en\u00ed jehly trysky.<\/span><\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

vadn\u00e1 tryska vs. funk\u010dn\u00ed tryska<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina motorov\u00fdch naft pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch ve sv\u011bt\u011b pro pohon p\u00edstov\u00fdch spalovac\u00edch motor\u016f m\u00e1 cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo 50 \u00b1 5. \u010cesk\u00e1 a evropsk\u00e1 norma vy\u017eaduje cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo min. 51<\/strong>, co\u017e je spodn\u00ed hranice z hlediska ekologie i pot\u0159eb modern\u00edch motor\u016f. Na trhu se vyskytuje v\u011bt\u0161inou nafta s \u010d\u00edslem v rozsahu 51 a\u017e 55, \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 nafty se v sou\u010dasnosti pohybuj\u00ed s cetanov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem v rozmez\u00ed 58 a\u017e 65 jednotek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stanoven\u00ed velikosti cetanov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla<\/strong>
\nZp\u016fsoby stanoven\u00ed cetanov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla p\u0159edepisuj\u00ed technick\u00e9 normy \u010cSN EN ISO 5165(1998) a ASTM D 613. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se uskute\u010d\u0148uje na speci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motorech, u kter\u00fdch se porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vzorek paliva s referen\u010dn\u00edm vzorkem a sleduje se, zda pr\u016fb\u011bh vzn\u011btu je v obou p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u00e1ch kompresn\u00edho pom\u011bru<\/a> stejn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed motor pro stanoven\u00ed cetanov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ke stanoven\u00ed velikosti cetanov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 stejn\u00fd jednov\u00e1lcov\u00fd motor, jako pro stanoven\u00ed velikosti oktanov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla<\/a>. Tak jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed oktanov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla<\/a>, je i cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo ur\u010deno objemov\u00fdm pod\u00edlem dvou l\u00e1tek. Cetanu<\/strong> (n-hexadekanu<\/a> – cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo 100 charakterizuj\u00edc\u00ed velmi kr\u00e1tkou prodlevu vzn\u00edcen\u00ed) a 1-methylnaftalenu<\/strong> (cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo 0 charakterizuj\u00edc\u00ed velmi dlouhou prodlevu vzn\u00edcen\u00ed).<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdrobci vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motor\u016f u sv\u00fdch model\u016f v\u017edy p\u0159edepisuj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty cetanov\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel <\/strong>pohonn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 jsou pro n\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e9. U nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch motor\u016f se po\u017eadovan\u00e9 hodnoty pohybuj\u00ed mezi 50 a\u017e 60. V budoucnosti se v\u0161ak budou tyto hodnoty postupn\u011b zvy\u0161ovat, zejm\u00e9na s ohledem na velikost emis\u00ed<\/a>, p\u0159esto\u017ee dal\u0161\u00edm zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm C\u010c se ji\u017e v\u00fdkony motoru p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezvy\u0161uj\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci proto nedoporu\u010duj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pronikav\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed C\u010c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Motorov\u00e1 nafta neobsahuje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed cetanu; ten je v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pouze v porovn\u00e1vac\u00edch sm\u011bs\u00edch. Cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo lze podobn\u011b jako oktanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/a> u benz\u00ednu zvy\u0161ovat p\u0159\u00eddavkem speci\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsad, nap\u0159. alkylnitr\u00e1t\u016f nebo di-terc.-butylperoxidu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Legislativn\u00ed normy<\/strong>
\nHodnoty cetanov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla pohonn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, proto jsou jeho minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty p\u0159edepisov\u00e1ny pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b platn\u00e1 legislativa povoluje na \u00fazem\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f EU pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed motorov\u00e9 nafty pro vzn\u011btov\u00e9 motory, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu cetanov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla 51,0. To vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 ze Sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady \u010d. 98\/70\/ES<\/a> ze dne 13. \u0159\u00edjna 1998 o jakosti benzinu a motorov\u00e9 nafty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foto: <\/strong>www.lcbamarketing.com, www.roper.cz,
\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova: <\/strong>palivo, cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, cetan index, cetan number, diesel, nafta, kvalita paliva, vzn\u011btov\u00fd motor<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo ud\u00e1v\u00e1 kvalitu motorov\u00e9 nafty z hlediska jej\u00ed vzn\u011btov\u00e9 charakteristiky, tedy ochoty nafty po vst\u0159\u00edknut\u00ed do spalovac\u00edho prostoru se vzn\u00edtit. Lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo je jedin\u00fd z parametr\u016f nafty, kter\u00fd \u0159idi\u010d poc\u00edt\u00ed ji\u017e b\u011bhem j\u00edzdy. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je Cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe motor funguje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,4],"tags":[1183,1184,1182,282,1185,596,201,307],"class_list":["post-4760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-palivo-a-provozni-naplne","category-casti-automobilu","tag-cetan-index","tag-cetan-number","tag-cetanove-cislo","tag-diesel","tag-kvalita-paliva","tag-nafta","tag-palivo","tag-vznetovy-motor"],"yoast_head":"\nCetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/cetanove-cislo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo - autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cetanov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo ud\u00e1v\u00e1 kvalitu motorov\u00e9 nafty z hlediska jej\u00ed vzn\u011btov\u00e9 charakteristiky, tedy ochoty nafty po vst\u0159\u00edknut\u00ed do spalovac\u00edho prostoru se vzn\u00edtit. 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