{"id":5033,"date":"2016-02-04T00:20:21","date_gmt":"2016-02-04T00:20:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/?p=5033"},"modified":"2022-05-13T10:05:31","modified_gmt":"2022-05-13T10:05:31","slug":"land-rover-defender","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/land-rover-defender\/","title":{"rendered":"Land Rover \/ Defender"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

Land Rover Series I<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

(1972\u20131975)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Land<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nLand Rover Series I
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D\u00e9lka:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3353 mm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160\u00ed\u0159ka:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1867 mm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fd\u0161ka:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1549 mm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rozvor:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2032 mm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pohotovostn\u00ed hmotnost:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n??? kg<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koncepce:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\npohon v\u0161ech kol<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Motor:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0159adov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lec, 1595 ccm,
\nrozvod OHV<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n37 kW (50 kon\u00ed)\/??? ot\/min<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kroutic\u00ed moment:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n??? Nm\/??? ot\/min<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P\u0159evodovka:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u010dty\u0159stup\u0148ov\u00e1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1prava:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ntuh\u00e1 s listov\u00fdmi pru\u017einami<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zadn\u00ed n\u00e1prava:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ntuh\u00e1 s listov\u00fdmi pru\u017einami<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rychlost:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n65 mil\/h<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zrychlen\u00ed 0\u2013100 km\/h:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n??? s<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vyroben\u00fdch kus\u016f:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n

Historie zna\u010dky Rover sah\u00e1 a\u017e do roku 1878, kdy byla v Coventry zalo\u017eena firma Starley & Sutton na v\u00fdrobu j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol. Z kol se postupem \u010dasu staly motocykly a k motocykl\u016fm se brzy p\u0159idaly automobily. Kdy\u017e v roce 1904 firma vyrobila prvn\u00ed automobil<\/strong>, v\u016fz ji\u017e nesl ozna\u010den\u00ed Rover. N\u00e1zev Rover v angli\u010dtin\u011b znamen\u00e1 tul\u00e1k a asi nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nehrd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nositelem tohoto jm\u00e9na byl legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Land Rover (dnes Land Rover Defender).<\/span><\/p>\n

Za zrodem Land Roveru st\u00e1l \u0161\u00e9f konstrukt\u00e9r zna\u010dky Rover Maurice Wilks<\/strong>. Wilksov\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem bylo postavit farm\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vozidlo s pohonem v\u0161ech kol<\/a>, kter\u00e9 si dok\u00e1\u017ee poradit t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu, dok\u00e1\u017ee zorat i pole a nakonec odv\u00e9zt sv\u00e9ho majitele do m\u011bsta na trh. Jeliko\u017e bylo kr\u00e1tce po v\u00e1lce, konstruk\u010dn\u00edm vzorem nemohlo b\u00fdt jin\u00e9 ter\u00e9nn\u00ed auto ne\u017e legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Jeep Willys<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se osv\u011bd\u010dil na boji\u0161t\u00edch 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. V\u00fdsledkem Wilksova sna\u017een\u00ed tedy byl automobil postaven\u00fd t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z d\u00edl\u016f Jeepu. Po v\u00e1lce byl velk\u00fd nedostatek oceli. Naopak hlin\u00edku, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pro v\u00fdrobu letadel, byly dostate\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby, proto Wilks vyu\u017eil k v\u00fdrob\u011b panel\u016f karoserie lehk\u00fd a korozi odol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l ze slitiny hlin\u00edku a magn\u00e9zia, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Birmabright. Tak\u00e9 na barvu karoserie m\u011bla vliv v\u00e1lka, k dost\u00e1n\u00ed byly pouze r\u016fzn\u00e9 odst\u00edny zelen\u00e9!<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed prototyp postavil Maurice Wilks na sv\u00e9 farm\u011b v Newborough ve Walesu. Jeho zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed byl volant um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd uprost\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 desky<\/strong> a neskr\u00fdvan\u00e1 podobnost s p\u0159edlohou \u2013 Jeepem. Pohonn\u00e1 jednotka byla p\u0159evzata z osobn\u00edho vozu Rover P3 (60).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e9rie I (1948 \u2013 1958)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Land Rover Series I oslavil svoji premi\u00e9ru 30. dubna 1948 na autosalonu v Amsterodamu a li\u0161il se od prototypu jen v detailech, nap\u0159. plechov\u00fdmi dv\u00ed\u0159ky, d\u011blen\u00fdm \u010deln\u00edm sklem a volantem um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm klasicky po stran\u011b. V\u016fz m\u011bl masivn\u00ed ocelov\u00fd \u017eeb\u0159inov\u00fd r\u00e1m odpru\u017een\u00fd listov\u00fdmi pery a tuhou p\u0159edn\u00ed i zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravu<\/a>. M\u0159\u00ed\u017eka chladi\u010de nesla znak Land Roveru, kter\u00fd se v modifikovan\u00e9 form\u011b udr\u017eel dodnes. Za m\u0159\u00ed\u017ekou byly um\u00edst\u011bny typick\u00e9 sv\u011btlomety.<\/span><\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e do roku 1951 slou\u017eil k pohonu v\u00fdhradn\u011b benz\u00ednov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lec o objemu 1,6 litru s v\u00fdkonem 37 kW (50 k) poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echna \u010dty\u0159i kola p\u0159es \u010dty\u0159rychlostn\u00ed p\u0159evodovku s redukc\u00ed. P\u0159edn\u00ed kola m\u011bla volnob\u011b\u017eky. Karoserie se dod\u00e1vala ve t\u0159ech proveden\u00edch, jako otev\u0159en\u00e1 nebo s pl\u00e1t\u011bnou \u010di pevnou st\u0159echou.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1952 dostal Land Rover siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dvoulitrov\u00fd motor a byl tak\u00e9 upraven pohon kol. U vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159evodov\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 volit si mezi pohonem jen zadn\u00edch kol (2WD) nebo v\u0161ech kol (4WD<\/a>), u dvou nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159evod\u016f byl automaticky zvolen pohon 4WD. V roce 1954 byl zv\u011bt\u0161en rozvor<\/a> na 2184 mm a d\u00e9lka vozidla vzrostla na 3569 mm. V roce 1956 byl p\u0159edstaven velmi obl\u00edben\u00fd expedi\u010dn\u00ed p\u011btidve\u0159ov\u00fd Land Rover Station Wagon, kter\u00fd uvezl a\u017e 10 lid\u00ed a kter\u00fd dostal dvojitou tzv. Safari st\u0159echu chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed horkem.<\/strong> V roce 1957 se pod kapotou Land Roveru objevil prvn\u00ed vzn\u011btov\u00fd motor z v\u00fdkonem 39kW p\u0159i 4000 min-1. Kv\u016fli jeho d\u00e9lce musel b\u00fdt prodlou\u017een rozchod<\/a> o dva palce. Land Rover za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat dva druhy rozvor\u016f<\/a>, kter\u00e9 mu vydr\u017eely dal\u0161\u00edch 25 let. SWB (ShortWhellBase) kr\u00e1tk\u00fd s rozm\u011brem 2235 mm a dlouh\u00fd rozvor<\/a> LWB (LongWhellBase) s rozm\u011brem 2769 mm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span>    \"Land<\/a>   \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e9rie II (1958 \u2013 1971)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

V roce 1958 nahradila \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou prvn\u00ed generaci druh\u00e1 s ozna\u010den\u00edm Series II. Land Rover Series II<\/strong> dostal v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ale velmi podobnou karoserii. Dlouh\u00e1 verze Station Wagon m\u011bla kabinu pro 12 cestuj\u00edc\u00edch, tak\u017ee dostala da\u0148ov\u00e9 zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00ed platn\u00e9 pro autobusy. Zaj\u00edmavou karos\u00e1\u0159skou variantou byl p\u0159ehl\u00eddkov\u00fd speci\u00e1l s vypol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159ovan\u00fdm zadn\u00edm prostorem, p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fdm dv\u00ed\u0159ky a opat\u0159en\u00fdm dr\u017eadly pro stoj\u00edc\u00ed osoby (Royal Review Vehicle ‘State II’). Series II pou\u017e\u00edval dva benz\u00ednov\u00e9 motory: 2,0l z prvn\u00ed generace Roveru a nov\u00fd benz\u00ednov\u00fd 2,25l s v\u00fdkonem 54kW. Nab\u00eddku dopl\u0148oval 2,0l vzn\u011btov\u00fd motor, op\u011bt zn\u00e1m\u00ed ji\u017e z prvn\u00ed generace. V roce 1961 p\u0159i\u0161lo p\u00e1r kosmetick\u00fdch \u00faprav a dal\u0161\u00ed nov\u00fd motor – turbodiesel 2,25l, od t\u00e9 doby se Land Rover ozna\u010doval jako Series IIA<\/strong>. V roce 1967 byl p\u0159edstaven vzn\u011btov\u00fd \u0161estiv\u00e1lec 2,6l. Za\u010daly vznikat i r\u016fzn\u00e9 karos\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a vojensk\u00e9 verze. V roce 1968 se p\u0159esunuly typick\u00e9 sv\u011btlomety z m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky chladi\u010de na blatn\u00edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 s\u00e9rie Land Roveru si z\u00edskala je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed popularitu ne\u017e prvn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na po \u00fa\u010dinkov\u00e1n\u00ed v oscarov\u00e9m filmu Vol\u00e1n\u00ed divo\u010diny<\/strong> z roku 1966. O rok pozd\u011bji se Rover stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed koncernu Leyland Motors, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji zm\u011bnil na British Leyland (BL). V letech 1969 a\u017e 70 dos\u00e1hla v\u00fdroba Land Rover\u016f sv\u00e9ho maxima kolem 60 tis\u00edc voz\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e9rie III (1971 \u2013 1983)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed generace Land Roveru se za\u010dala vyr\u00e1b\u011bt v roce 1971. Karoserie nem\u011bla prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny a byla shodn\u00e1 karoseri\u00ed, jakou m\u011blo posledn\u00ed proveden\u00ed druh\u00e9 generace, tedy se sv\u011btlomety v blatn\u00edc\u00edch. Jedinou z\u0159etelnou zm\u011bnou byla n\u00e1hrada kovov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky chladi\u010de za plastovou. Pod kapotou i v interi\u00e9ru bylo zm\u011bn v\u00edce.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1978 byla vytvo\u0159ena samostatn\u00e1 dce\u0159in\u00e1 spole\u010dnost holdingu British Leyland nazvan\u00e1 Land Rover Limited. Od roku 1979 se vyr\u00e1b\u011bl Land Rover V8, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd 3,5litrov\u00fdm vidlicov\u00fdm osmiv\u00e1lcem z Range Roveru (68 kW\/92 k). V roce 1984 byla vym\u011bn\u011bna listov\u00e1 pera za vinut\u00e9 pru\u017einy a Land Rover dostal kotou\u010dov\u00e9 brzdy na p\u0159edn\u00ed kola.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed generace je jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm Land Roverem. B\u011bhen 14 let bylo vyrobeno kolem 440 tis\u00edc kus\u016f tohoto legend\u00e1rn\u00edho offroadu<\/a>. Velkou z\u00e1sluhu na to m\u011blo i jejich vojensk\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Land Rover 90\/110\/127 (1983 – 1990) a Defender (1990 – 2016)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

V roce 1983 p\u0159i\u0161la do v\u00fdroby \u010dtvrt\u00e1 generace, u t\u00e9to generace ji\u017e nebylo pou\u017eito ozna\u010den\u00ed Series IV. Nov\u00e1 generace nesla ozna\u010den\u00ed Land Rover 90 (Ninety)<\/strong> a Land Rover 110 (One Ten)<\/strong> \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed znamenalo rozvor<\/a> v palc\u00edch. Teprve v roce 1990 bylo rozhodnuto o p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed obou model\u016f na dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e9 Defender (Obr\u00e1nce). <\/strong>K tomuto kroku se automobilka rozhodla kv\u016fli zpest\u0159en\u00ed nab\u00eddky, nov\u011b za\u010dala nab\u00edzet modely Range Rover a Discovery. Pro Defender tolik typick\u00e9 rezervn\u00ed kolo se p\u0159esunulo z p\u0159edn\u00ed kapoty teprve v roce 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a>   \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ukon\u010den\u00ed produkce<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Land Rover Defender se vyr\u00e1b\u011bl cel\u00fdch 68 let od roku 1948<\/strong>. Za tu dobu automobilka v tov\u00e1rn\u011b Solihull vyrobila celkem 2.016.933 kus\u016f<\/strong> tohoto ter\u00e9nn\u00edho vozu. Prvn\u00ed Land Rover byl prod\u00e1n za 450 liber na Motor Show v Amsterodamu v roce 1948. Tehdy byl nab\u00edzen pouze v jedn\u00e9 motorizaci, se \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lcem 1.6 litru o v\u00fdkonu 50 kon\u00ed vybaven\u00fd \u010dty\u0159stup\u0148ovou p\u0159evodovkou s redukc\u00ed. Vzn\u011btov\u00fd agreg\u00e1t p\u0159i\u0161el a\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let. P\u0159esto, \u017ee se nab\u00eddka postupn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ovala, mnoh\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1valo a tak si Land Rover Defender zachov\u00e1val kouzlo po generace.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"land-rover_035\"<\/a>   \"land-rover_038\"<\/a>   \"land-rover_036\"<\/a>   \"land-rover_037\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a>   \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a>   \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Land<\/a>   \"Land<\/a>   \"Land<\/a>   \"nejstar\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Land<\/a>   \"Land<\/a>   \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a>   \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

\"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a>   \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a>   \"posledn\u00ed<\/a>   \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj a legislativu v\u0161ak zastavit nelze. Pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 koncepce ter\u00e9nn\u00edch voz\u016f je s obt\u00ed\u017eemi spl\u0148ovala nov\u00e9 emisn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy. Automobilka Rover se proto rozhodla produkci t\u00e9to legendy 29. ledna 2016 ukon\u010dit.<\/strong> Automobilka po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s jeho \u201emodern\u00edm\u201c n\u00e1stupcem a\u017e od roku 2018. Mo\u017en\u00e1 i proto bylo slavnostn\u00edm ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdroby velmi emotivn\u00ed a dojemn\u00e9. Nemohl chyb\u011bt ani nejstar\u0161\u00ed dodnes provozuschopn\u00fd p\u0159eds\u00e9riov\u00fd Land Rover HUE 166<\/strong>. Vzhledem k nedostatku lak\u016f po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, byly prvn\u00ed Land Rovery nab\u00edzeny pouze v zelen\u00e9m odst\u00ednu kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho letectva (RAF).<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro p\u0159\u00edznivce \u201eDef\u00edka\u201c doporu\u010dujeme nav\u0161t\u00edvit interaktivn\u00ed odkaz, kter\u00fd V\u00e1s provede v\u00fdrobou i histori\u00ed ikonick\u00e9ho Land Roveru: http:\/\/defendertour.landrover.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ikonou opravdu ter\u00e9nn\u00edch a expedi\u010dn\u00edch automobil\u016f je jednozna\u010dn\u011b Land Rover Series, od 90. let ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako Defender. Britsk\u00e1 automobilka Land Rover vyr\u00e1b\u00ed tento model ji\u017e od roku 1948. S trochou nads\u00e1zky lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se od t\u00e9 doby mnoho nezm\u011bnilo. I p\u0159esto, nebo mo\u017en\u00e1, pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, m\u00e1 tento v\u016fz st\u00e1le mnoho doslova skaln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,51,26],"tags":[1198,974,1199,775],"class_list":["post-5033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-historie-automobilismu","category-slavne-automobily","tag-defender","tag-land-rover","tag-rover","tag-offroad"],"yoast_head":"\nLand Rover \/ Defender - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ikonou opravdu ter\u00e9nn\u00edch a expedi\u010dn\u00edch automobil\u016f je jednozna\u010dn\u011b Land Rover Series, od 90. let ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako Defender. 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