{"id":5319,"date":"2013-06-24T05:51:50","date_gmt":"2013-06-24T05:51:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/?p=5319"},"modified":"2016-03-24T08:07:29","modified_gmt":"2016-03-24T08:07:29","slug":"odpor-valivy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/odpor-valivy\/","title":{"rendered":"Odpor valiv\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Valiv\u00fd odpor vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i deformaci pneumatiky a vozovky.<\/strong> Pokud je vozovka tuh\u00e1, doch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze k\u00a0deformaci pneumatiky. Nejmen\u0161\u00ed valiv\u00e9 odpory maj\u00ed logicky kolejov\u00e1 vozidla, naopak nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed maj\u00ed nap\u0159. ter\u00e9nn\u00ed vozidla<\/a> a pou\u0161tn\u00ed speci\u00e1ly<\/a>. Pneumatika se st\u00fdk\u00e1 s\u00a0vozovkou v\u00a0plo\u0161e zvan\u00e9 stopa pneumatiky<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti stopy pneumatiky<\/a> doch\u00e1z\u00ed vlivem v\u00e1hy vozu ke stla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed obvodu pneumatiky do roviny vozovky, v\u00a0zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti se obvod op\u011bt vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 do p\u016fvodn\u00edho kruhov\u00e9ho tvaru. P\u0159i tomto deforma\u010dn\u00edm procesu doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 jsou z pneumatiky uvol\u0148ov\u00e1ny formou tepla.<\/strong> S\u00edly pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 ke stla\u010den\u00ed pneumatiky jsou ale v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e s\u00edly, jimi\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed pneumatika zp\u011bt na vozovku p\u0159i navracen\u00ed do p\u016fvodn\u00edho tvaru. M\u011brn\u00e9 tlaky v\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti stopy pneumatiky jsou tud\u00ed\u017e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, a proto je v\u00fdslednice element\u00e1rn\u00edch sil ve <\/strong>stop\u011b pneumatiky<\/a> p\u0159edsunuta o hodnotu ozna\u010dovanou jako \u201ee\u201c.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Matematicky lze valiv\u00fd odpor vyj\u00e1d\u0159it jako vodorovnou s\u00edlu ozna\u010dovanou jako Of<\/sub> jej\u00ed\u017e velikost je d\u00e1na sou\u010dinem reakce vozovky \u201eZk<\/sub>\u201c a sou\u010dinitele valiv\u00e9ho odporu fK<\/sub><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sou\u010dinitel valiv\u00e9ho odporu fK<\/sub> z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na:
\n– povrchu vozovky a typu pneumatiky<\/strong>, viz tabulka<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Povrch<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

f<\/em><\/strong>K<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Povrch<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

f<\/em><\/strong>K<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Asfalt<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,01 \u2013 0,02<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Travnat\u00fd ter\u00e9n<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,081 \u2013 0,15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Beton<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,015 \u2013 0,025<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Hlubok\u00fd p\u00edsek<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,15 \u2013 0,30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Dla\u017eba<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,02 \u2013 0,03<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u010cerstv\u00fd sn\u00edh<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,20 \u2013 0,30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Poln\u00ed cesta – such\u00e1<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,04 \u2013 0,15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Bahnit\u00e1 p\u016fda<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,20 \u2013 0,40<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Poln\u00ed cesta – mokr\u00e1<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,08 \u2013 0,20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

N\u00e1led\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n\n

0,01 \u2013 0,025<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

zdroj: VLK, F.: Dynamika motorov\u00fdch vozidel<\/em>. Brno 2000<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– tlaku v\u00a0pneumatice<\/strong> – p\u0159i men\u0161\u00edm tlaku v\u00a0pneumatice nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kola doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed deformaci, \u010d\u00edm\u017e roste valiv\u00fd odpor (pota\u017emo emise<\/a>). Je to tedy jeden z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f pro\u010d chce EU od roku 2014 zav\u00e9st povinn\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku v\u00a0pneumatik\u00e1ch<\/a> pro v\u0161echna vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 vozidla (od 2012 pro nov\u011b homologovan\u00e1).<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– rychlosti vozidla<\/strong> \u2013 p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch rychlostem pneumatika nesta\u010d\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1vat deformace vznikl\u00e9 v\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, proto v\u00a0zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vznik\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed m\u011brn\u00fd tlak ne\u017e p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed rychlosti, a odpor roste. P\u0159i velk\u00fdch rychlostech se sou\u010dinitel valiv\u00e9ho odporu zv\u011bt\u0161uje tak\u00e9 vlivem rozkmit\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pneumatiky<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Vedle valiv\u00e9ho odporu v\u0161ak p\u016fsob\u00ed na vozidlo je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed odpory, kter\u00e9 jsou tomuto odporu podobn\u00e9. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je odpor vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed vlivem <\/strong>sb\u00edhavosti kol<\/a>. Tento odpor je velmi mal\u00fd a obvykle se zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1. Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je odpor vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b na nerovn\u00e9 vozovce<\/strong>, p\u0159i takov\u00e9 j\u00edzd\u011b vznikaj\u00ed v\u00a0pneumatice p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 deformace, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00ed odpor. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vznik\u00e1 svisl\u00e9 kmit\u00e1n\u00ed karoserie, kter\u00e9 je eliminov\u00e1no tlumi\u010di, co\u017e tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje j\u00edzdn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty. P\u0159i zat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed vozidla d\u00edky sm\u011brov\u00fdm \u00fachylk\u00e1m vznikaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty.<\/strong> Naopak vzdu\u0161n\u00fd odpor rotuj\u00edc\u00edch kol se v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 aerodynamick\u00e9mu odporu cel\u00e9ho vozidla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Valiv\u00fd odpor vozidla Of<\/sub> je d\u00e1n sou\u010dtem valiv\u00fdch odpor\u016f v\u0161ech kol.<\/strong> Z\u00a0uveden\u00e9ho textu je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je valiv\u00fd odpor, t\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je spot\u0159eba (emise<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Text:<\/strong> Jan Sajdl
\nFoto:<\/strong> www.michelin.com, www.veryst.com
\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova: <\/strong>j\u00edzdn\u00ed odpory, odpor valen\u00ed, pneumatika<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jeden ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch j\u00edzdn\u00edch odpor\u016f se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 valiv\u00fd odpor. Jak u\u017e n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, jedn\u00e1 se o odpor resp. s\u00edly p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed proti valen\u00ed. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5314,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,678,29],"tags":[1227,1228,172],"class_list":["post-5319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-pojmy","category-zkratky-a-pojmy","tag-jizdni-odpory","tag-odpor-valeni","tag-pneumatika"],"yoast_head":"\nOdpor valiv\u00fd - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/odpor-valivy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Odpor valiv\u00fd - autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jeden ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch j\u00edzdn\u00edch odpor\u016f se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 valiv\u00fd odpor. Jak u\u017e n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, jedn\u00e1 se o odpor resp. s\u00edly p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed proti valen\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/cs\/articles\/odpor-valivy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-06-24T05:51:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-03-24T08:07:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/cs_odpor_valivy_002.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"418\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ing. 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