{"id":11524,"date":"2025-04-24T18:31:30","date_gmt":"2025-04-24T18:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/?p=11524"},"modified":"2025-06-04T12:22:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T12:22:25","slug":"soh-state-of-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/en\/articles\/soh-state-of-health\/","title":{"rendered":"SoH (State of Health)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">With the rise of electromobility, there is increasing discussion around the actual lifespan of batteries in electric vehicles. One of the key indicators of battery wear is the so-called <strong>State of Health (SoH)<\/strong>. This parameter is usually expressed as a percentage and indicates how well the battery has retained its original capacity and performance compared to when it was new.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The SoH value allows both users and manufacturers of electric vehicles to monitor battery condition and make decisions about continued use or replacement. It is also a critical factor when buying a used electric vehicle. <strong>The SoH value<\/strong> <strong>directly affects the vehicle&#8217;s range, charging time, and overall lifespan.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Definition of SoH<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>State of Health (SoH)<\/strong> is a parameter expressed as a percentage that <strong>describes the wear level of a battery (or its cell)<\/strong>. SoH is typically defined as the ratio of the battery\u2019s current capacity to its original rated capacity. If the current condition matches that of a new battery, the SoH = 100%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___001.en_.battery_state_of_health.jpg\">&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___001.en_.battery_state_of_health.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11529 size-large\" title=\"SoH (State of Health) - battery health\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___001.en_.battery_state_of_health-600x337.jpg\" alt=\"SoH (State of Health) - battery health\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___001.en_.battery_state_of_health-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___001.en_.battery_state_of_health-250x140.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___001.en_.battery_state_of_health-178x100.jpg 178w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___001.en_.battery_state_of_health-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___001.en_.battery_state_of_health-1536x862.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___001.en_.battery_state_of_health.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">If a battery has <\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>SoH = 80%<\/strong>, it means that its maximum capacity has decreased to 80% of its original rated capacity. In practice, this means that even if the battery is <strong>fully charged (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/articles\/soc-state-of-charge\/\">SoC = 100%<\/a>)<\/strong>, its usable capacity is only <strong>80% of what it originally was<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">It\u2019s important not to confuse SoH with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/articles\/soc-state-of-charge\/\"><strong>SoC (State of Charge)<\/strong><\/a>. While SoH describes the <strong>long-term wear and tear<\/strong> of a battery, SoC indicates the <strong>current charge level<\/strong> \u2013 that is, how much energy is stored in the battery at a given moment.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Concrete example of SoH calculation:<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">a new battery has a rated capacity of 10 Ah<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">due to wear, the capacity decreases to 8 Ah<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">this means the current capacity is 80% of the original \u2192 <strong>SoH = 80%<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">in other words: even at full charge (SoC = 100%), the battery can store a maximum of <strong>8 Ah<\/strong> instead of the original <strong>10 Ah<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___002.en_.battery_state_of_health.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11533 size-large alignnone\" title=\"SoH (State of Health) - battery health\" src=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___002.en_.battery_state_of_health-600x338.jpg\" alt=\"SoH (State of Health) - battery health\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___002.en_.battery_state_of_health-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___002.en_.battery_state_of_health-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___002.en_.battery_state_of_health-178x100.jpg 178w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___002.en_.battery_state_of_health-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___002.en_.battery_state_of_health-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/SoH___002.en_.battery_state_of_health.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Why does the battery SoH decrease over time?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Repeated charging and discharging, varying temperature conditions, material aging, and regular use all contribute to battery degradation. This primarily shows up as capacity loss, increased internal resistance, and other performance-impacting changes.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Factors influencing battery degradation:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Battery degradation is influenced by a range of external and internal factors, especially:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Number of charge and discharge cycles<\/strong> \u2013 more cycles mean more wear<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Operating temperatures<\/strong> \u2013 extreme heat or cold negatively impacts lifespan<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>User behavior<\/strong> \u2013 charging\/discharging habits, usage frequency, storing battery at high\/low <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/articles\/soc-state-of-charge\/\">SoC<\/a> for extended periods<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">In <strong>electric vehicles (EVs)<\/strong>, additional specific factors influence SoH decline:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Driving style<\/strong> \u2013 frequent hard acceleration and braking strain the battery<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Climate conditions<\/strong> \u2013 extreme temperatures or high humidity can accelerate degradation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Charging infrastructure and type<\/strong> \u2013 frequent fast charging may cause more wear<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Measuring and evaluating SoH<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">The method of determining the SoH value depends on the type and manufacturer of the vehicle. SoH is usually measured using a <strong>Battery Management System (BMS)<\/strong>, which analyzes various battery parameters such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Capacity<\/strong> \u2013 current vs. rated<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Internal resistance or impedance<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Voltage<\/strong> at various states of charge<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Self-discharge<\/strong> \u2013 the battery\u2019s ability to retain charge<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Number of charge\/discharge cycles<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Battery age<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Operating temperature<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Each of these parameters can be weighted and combined differently to provide an overall picture of battery health. The specific algorithm used to calculate SoH is often a proprietary secret of the manufacturer.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">SoH threshold and its significance<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">The SoH threshold refers to the minimum value at which a battery is still considered suitable for a given application:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Electric vehicles<\/strong>: The threshold is typically around 70\u201380%. Below this, the battery is considered unfit as it can no longer reliably deliver the required performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Critical applications<\/strong>: In medical devices, for example, the minimum SoH might be 90% or higher due to the need for maximum stability and reliability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">If the SoH drops below the set threshold, the battery is typically either recycled or repurposed for less demanding uses (e.g., household energy storage).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SoH (State of Health) indicates the overall technical condition of a battery or its cell. It expresses the ratio between the current capacity and the original rated capacity of a new battery. In other words, SoH reflects the degree of battery wear. This indicator is crucial, for example, when assessing the condition of a battery in a used electric vehicle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,1473,50,678,29,4],"tags":[824,1409],"class_list":["post-11524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-elektromobilita","category-elektrotechnika","category-pojmy","category-zkratky-a-pojmy","category-casti-automobilu","tag-baterie","tag-elektromobilita"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SoH (State of Health) - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SoH (State of Health) ozna\u010duje celkov\u00fd technick\u00fd stav baterie nebo jej\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku. 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