{"id":1887,"date":"2018-01-19T00:13:48","date_gmt":"2018-01-19T00:13:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.autolexicon.net\/?p=1887"},"modified":"2021-11-14T12:00:57","modified_gmt":"2021-11-14T12:00:57","slug":"brzdna-draha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/sk\/articles\/brzdna-draha\/","title":{"rendered":"Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Dr\u00e1ha pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro zastaven\u00ed je tvo\u0159ena ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u2013 reak\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha<\/strong> a vlastn\u00ed brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha<\/strong>. Reak\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha je dr\u00e1ha, kterou \u0159idi\u010d ujede od okam\u017eiku, kdy rozpozn\u00e1 kritickou situaci, zpracuje ji a za\u010dne brzdit.<\/strong> To trv\u00e1 asi jednu sekundu, v z\u00e1vislosti na rychlosti \u0159idi\u010dovy reakce. V tomto \u010dase se v\u0161ak vozidlo d\u00e1le pohybuje s nezm\u011bn\u011bnou rychlost\u00ed. Nap\u0159. p\u0159i 50 km\/h je reak\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha 14 m dlouh\u00e1. Teprve potom jsou zapojeny brzdy. Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed rychlosti a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch faktorech. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rychlost vozu<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\nReak\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\nBrzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\nDr\u00e1ha zastaven\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
such\u00e1 silnice<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

50 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

60 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

80 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

35 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

57 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

mokr\u00e1 silnice<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

50 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

60 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

80 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

49 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

71 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

n\u00e1led\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

50 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

64 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

78 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

60 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

93 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

110 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

80 km\/h<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

165 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

187 m<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

zdroj: www.ibesip.cz<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Brzdenie prebieha pribli\u017ene takto. \u010cas “tr<\/sub><\/strong>” uplynie od zistenia prek\u00e1\u017eky do okamihu, ke\u010f na bicykel p\u00f4sob\u00ed brzdn\u00e1 sila. Ide o reak\u010dn\u00fd \u010das vodi\u010da<\/a> a \u010das, za ktor\u00fd vodi\u010d stla\u010d\u00ed brzdov\u00fd ped\u00e1l. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek sa naz\u00fdva “tp<\/sub><\/strong>“, je to \u010das tzv. brzdn\u00e9ho oneskorenia<\/strong>. Po\u010das tejto doby sa vymedz\u00ed a prekon\u00e1 v\u00f4\u013ea v k\u013aboch a lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch a brzdov\u00e9 oblo\u017eenie dosadne na trecie plochy b\u0155zd. A\u017e do tohto bodu sa vozidlo pohybuje nezn\u00ed\u017eenou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, ak sa zanedb\u00e1 jazdn\u00fd odpor. \u010eal\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 sa naz\u00fdva \u010das n\u00e1behu brzdenia<\/strong>, \u010do je \u010das, v ktorom brzdn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok dosiahne svoje maximum, ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako “tn<\/sub><\/strong>“. V \u010fal\u0161om obdob\u00ed, ozna\u010denom ako “tu<\/sub><\/strong>“, tj. po\u010das obdobia \u00fapln\u00e9ho brzdenia<\/strong>, predpoklad\u00e1me kon\u0161tantn\u00e9 spomalenie a\u017e do \u00fapln\u00e9ho zastavenia. V\u00fdvoj ve\u013ekosti brzdnej sily je zn\u00e1zornen\u00fd na nasleduj\u00facom grafe.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Skuto\u010dn\u00fa brzdn\u00fa dr\u00e1hu, <\/strong>a teda aj \u010das pln\u00e9ho brzdenia a brzdenia, ovplyv\u0148uje pri\u013enavos\u0165 pneumat\u00edk – adh\u00e9zia.
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span>Z\u00e1vislos\u0165 typu povrchu a brzdnej dr\u00e1hy:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Povrch<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Koeficient zv\u00fd\u0161enia brzdnej dr\u00e1hy<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Such\u00fd bet\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Such\u00fd asfalt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,3<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Such\u00e1 dla\u017eba<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,4<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mokr\u00fd bet\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,5<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mokr\u00fd asfalt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1,8<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mokr\u00e1 dla\u017eba<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n2,6<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sneh<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n3,3<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u013dad pri -20\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n5,6<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u013dad pri -10\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n7,6<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u013dad pri 0\u00b0C<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n10,3<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


\nBezpe\u010dn\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 medzi vozidlami
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span>Dodr\u017eiavajte bezpe\u010dn\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165 za vozidlom id\u00facim vpredu. Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 sa zvy\u0161uje so zvy\u0161uj\u00facou sa r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a rovn\u00e1 sa minim\u00e1lne vzdialenosti, ktor\u00fa prejdete za 2 sekundy. 2 sekundy je pribli\u017en\u00fd \u010das, ktor\u00fd je potrebn\u00fd na to, aby va\u0161e vozidlo za\u010dalo \u00fa\u010dinne brzdi\u0165.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Video:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fhV5O-it9kY&feature=player_embedded<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00edklad v\u00fdznamu kr\u00e1tkej brzdnej dr\u00e1hy<\/strong>
\nVo v\u0161eobecnosti plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm pomal\u0161ie vozidlo ide v \u010dase zr\u00e1\u017eky, t\u00fdm miernej\u0161ie s\u00fa n\u00e1sledky. Preto je schopnos\u0165 zastavi\u0165 na \u010do najkrat\u0161ej vzdialenosti mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1. Zastavenie vozidla z r\u00fdchlosti 100 km\/h na suchom asfalte na vzdialenos\u0165 36 metrov mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za ve\u013emi dobr\u00fd v\u00fdkon<\/strong>, tak\u00fdchto vozidiel nie je ve\u013ea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na lep\u0161iu ilustr\u00e1ciu si predstavte auto na dobr\u00fdch pneumatik\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 zastav\u00ed na 50 metroch. Auto na zl\u00fdch pneumatik\u00e1ch zastav\u00ed o osem metrov \u010falej. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v \u010dase, ke\u010f vozidlo s hor\u0161\u00edmi pneumatikami predbiehalo in\u00e9 vozidlo, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e st\u00e1lo, samo sa e\u0161te pohybovalo r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 37 km\/h<\/strong>. Ak by pri tejto r\u00fdchlosti narazil do stojaceho chodca, energia n\u00e1razu by sa rovnala p\u00e1du \u010dloveka z v\u00fd\u0161ky 6 metrov!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vedeli ste, \u017ee?<\/strong>
\nPorovnanie brzdnej dr\u00e1hy zimn\u00fdch a letn\u00fdch pneumat\u00edk
\n<\/em><\/strong>Ve\u013ek\u00fd porovn\u00e1vac\u00ed test zimn\u00fdch pneumat\u00edk uverejnen\u00fd v roku 2012 v nemeckom \u010dasopise AutoBild ukazuje, \u017ee pri brzden\u00ed na mokrom povrchu z r\u00fdchlosti 80 km\/h<\/strong> je brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha letn\u00fdch pneumat\u00edk 39,2 metra a zimn\u00fdch pneumat\u00edk 47,6 metra. Letn\u00e9 pneumatiky s\u00fa pribli\u017ene o 8,5 metra lep\u0161ie. Na snehu je v\u0161ak situ\u00e1cia radik\u00e1lne opa\u010dn\u00e1. Dobr\u00e9 letn\u00e9 pneumatiky dok\u00e1\u017eu zastavi\u0165 z priemernej r\u00fdchlosti 50 km\/h<\/strong> na pribli\u017ene 70 metroch, zimn\u00e9 pneumatiky dok\u00e1\u017eu zastavi\u0165 na 35 metroch! A to je ur\u010dite argument pre pou\u017e\u00edvanie zimn\u00fdch pneumat\u00edk<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ak\u00e1 je vzdialenos\u0165 zast\u00e1vky elektri\u010dky a autobusu MHD?<\/em><\/strong>
\nPra\u017esk\u00fd dopravn\u00fd podnik uskuto\u010dnil sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fd experiment, pri ktorom boli elektri\u010dka a autobus id\u00face r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 40 km\/h po\u017eiadan\u00e9, aby zastavili. Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha elektri\u010dky bola 26 metrov, zatia\u013e \u010do autobus dok\u00e1zal zastavi\u0165 na 12 metroch. Pre porovnanie, Audi TT zastav\u00ed na menej ako 6 metroch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vplyv h\u013abky dez\u00e9nu na brzdn\u00fa dr\u00e1hu<\/em><\/strong>
\nMinim\u00e1lna h\u013abka dez\u00e9nu<\/a> je stanoven\u00e1 z\u00e1konom. Pre letn\u00e9 pneumatiky je to 1,6 mm a pre zimn\u00e9<\/a> 4 mm. V oboch pr\u00edpadoch ide o skuto\u010dne najmen\u0161iu mo\u017en\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku. Nov\u00e1 pneumatika m\u00e1 h\u013abku dez\u00e9nu 7-8 mm. Testy uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee aj polovi\u010dn\u00e9 opotrebenie pneumatiky ju v\u00fdrazne zhor\u0161\u00ed. Pri n\u00edzkej v\u00fd\u0161ke dez\u00e9nu<\/a> odvod\u0148ovacie kan\u00e1liky neodv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa vodu zo stopy v\u010das, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u017euje pri\u013enavos\u0165 medzi pneumatikou a vozovkou. Zvy\u0161uje sa riziko aquaplaningu<\/a>. Logick\u00fd z\u00e1ver znie: \u010d\u00edm plyt\u0161ie s\u00fa dr\u00e1\u017eky, t\u00fdm dlh\u0161ia je brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha za mokra!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"cs_brzdna_draha_004\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Vplyv veku pneumat\u00edk na brzdn\u00fa dr\u00e1hu
\n<\/em><\/strong>Tak ako v\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9, aj pneumatiky za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa starn\u00fa\u0165 hne\u010f po vyroben\u00ed, a to najm\u00e4 vplyvom vzduchu (oz\u00f3nu) a slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. Ako pneumatika starne, str\u00e1ca svoje vlastnosti.<\/strong> V ide\u00e1lnom pr\u00edpade by sa pneumatiky mali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pribli\u017ene 6 rokov<\/strong>, potom sa guma st\u00e1va pr\u00edli\u0161 tvrdou, por\u00e9znou, vznikaj\u00fa v nej mal\u00e9 trhliny at\u010f. To v\u0161etko vedie k pred\u013a\u017eeniu brzdnej dr\u00e1hy<\/strong>. Tento efekt je najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed pri star\u0161\u00edch zimn\u00fdch pneumatik\u00e1ch<\/a>. Vek pneumatiky m\u00f4\u017eete ur\u010di\u0165 pod\u013ea takzvan\u00e9ho k\u00f3du DOT<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vplyv \u0161\u00edrky beh\u00fa\u0148a na brzdn\u00fa dr\u00e1hu<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u010c\u00edm \u0161ir\u0161ia je pneumatika, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia je kontaktn\u00e1 plocha s vozovkou. Ve\u013ek\u00e1 kontaktn\u00e1 plocha umo\u017e\u0148uje prenos v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch brzdn\u00fdch alebo akcelera\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00edl. To v\u0161ak plat\u00ed najm\u00e4 na such\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch. Napr\u00edklad v pretekoch F1, kde sa v minulosti pou\u017e\u00edvali \u00faplne ploch\u00e9 pneumatiky, tzv. slicky<\/a>. Za mokra je v\u0161ak situ\u00e1cia trochu komplikovanej\u0161ia. Bez s\u00favisl\u00fdch pozd\u013a\u017enych dr\u00e1\u017eok pred valiacou sa pneumatikou nem\u00e1 voda kam zmizn\u00fa\u0165. Hromadiaca sa voda vytv\u00e1ra ak\u00fdsi klin a m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 aquaplaning<\/a>. Preto maj\u00fa \u0161irok\u00e9 pneumatiky v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed objem kan\u00e1lov, preto\u017ee musia odv\u00e1dza\u0165 viac vody.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha je vzdialenos\u0165, na ktorej sa vozidlo pohybuj\u00face sa ur\u010ditou po\u010diato\u010dnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou \u00faplne zastav\u00ed v d\u00f4sledku brzdn\u00fdch s\u00edl. Tento z\u00e1kladn\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd parameter z\u00e1vis\u00ed od r\u00fdchlosti reakcie vodi\u010da, kvality b\u0155zd a pri\u013enavosti pneumat\u00edk.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,11,3,12,678,29],"tags":[244,60,39,242,243],"class_list":["post-1887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-aktivni-bezpecnost","category-bezpecnost","category-pasivni-bezpecnost","category-pojmy","category-zkratky-a-pojmy","tag-bezpecna-vzdalenost","tag-brzdna-draha","tag-brzdy","tag-delka-brzdne-drahy","tag-reakcni-doba"],"yoast_head":"\nBrzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/sk\/articles\/brzdna-draha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha - autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Brzdn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha je vzdialenos\u0165, na ktorej sa vozidlo pohybuj\u00face sa ur\u010ditou po\u010diato\u010dnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou \u00faplne zastav\u00ed v d\u00f4sledku brzdn\u00fdch s\u00edl. 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