{"id":2365,"date":"2016-05-24T00:57:21","date_gmt":"2016-05-24T00:57:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.autolexicon.net\/?p=2365"},"modified":"2024-01-30T14:28:02","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T14:28:02","slug":"emisni-norma-euro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/sk\/articles\/emisni-norma-euro\/","title":{"rendered":"Emisn\u00e1 norma EURO"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

EURO je z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 emisn\u00e1 norma stanovuj\u00faci limitn\u00e9 hodnoty v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch exhal\u00e1tov<\/a>. <\/span>Emisn\u00e1 norma EURO obmedzuje mno\u017estvo oxidu uho\u013enat\u00e9ho (CO), uh\u013eovod\u00edkov (HC), oxidov dus\u00edka (NOx) a mno\u017estvo pevn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc (PM). <\/span>Hodnoty sa uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v miligramoch na prejden\u00fd kilometer. <\/span><\/strong>Tieto \u0161tyri l\u00e1tky v\u0161ak nie s\u00fa jedin\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 automobil do ovzdu\u0161ia vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a. <\/span>Je tu napr. Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, ktor\u00fd je \u010dasto spom\u00edna v s\u00favislosti s glob\u00e1lnym otep\u013eovan\u00edm a celkovo je to ve\u013emi medializovan\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, norma EURO v\u0161ak mno\u017estvo CO2 v\u00f4bec nerie\u0161i! <\/strong><\/span>Vo v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plynoch s\u00fa \u010falej obsiahnut\u00e9 tie\u017e s\u00edrne zl\u00fa\u010deniny at\u010f. – slo\u017eenie v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plynov n\u00e1jdete tu<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zavedenie novej gener\u00e1cie emisn\u00e9 normy EURO v\u0161ak nie je jednorazov\u00e1 akcia. <\/span>Novo nastupuj\u00facej norma sa logicky t\u00fdka najprv modelov novo predstaven\u00fdch na eur\u00f3pskom trhu (napr. Pre Euro 6 bol stanoven\u00fd term\u00edn 1. 9. 2014). <\/span>Vozidl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 dovtedy vst\u00fapi do predaja, nemus\u00ed novo nastupuj\u00facej emisn\u00fa normu sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165! <\/span><\/strong>Nutn\u00e9 v\u0161ak poveda\u0165, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina renomovan\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov novo prich\u00e1dzaj\u00faci emisn\u00fa normu EURO sp\u013a\u0148a s predstihom. <\/span>Majitelia star\u0161\u00edch vozidiel m\u00f4\u017eu zosta\u0165 v pokoji, t\u00fdch sa nov\u00e9 predpisy net\u00fdkaj\u00fa.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Preh\u013ead limitov jednotliv\u00fdch emisn\u00fdch noriem EURO:<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Rok\/norma<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nCO<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[g\/km]<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

NOX<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[g\/km]<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

HC + NOX<\/sub><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[g\/km]<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

HC<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[g\/km]<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

P\u010c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[g\/km]<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

1992<\/span><\/td>\nI<\/span><\/td>\n3,16<\/span><\/td>\n3,16<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n1,13<\/span><\/td>\n1,13<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n0,18<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1996<\/span><\/td>\nII<\/span><\/td>\n2,20<\/span><\/td>\n1,00<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n0,50<\/span><\/td>\n0,70*<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n0,08**<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2000<\/span><\/td>\nIII<\/span><\/td>\n2,30<\/span><\/td>\n0,64<\/span><\/td>\n0,15<\/span><\/td>\n0,50<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n0,56<\/span><\/td>\n0,20<\/span><\/td>\n0,05<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2005<\/span><\/td>\nIV<\/span><\/td>\n1,00<\/span><\/td>\n0,50<\/span><\/td>\n0,08<\/span><\/td>\n0,25<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n0,30<\/span><\/td>\n0,10<\/span><\/td>\n0,025<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2009<\/span><\/td>\nV<\/span><\/td>\n1,00<\/span><\/td>\n0,50<\/span><\/td>\n0,06<\/span><\/td>\n0,18<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n0,23<\/span><\/td>\n0,10<\/span><\/td>\n0,005<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2014<\/span><\/td>\nVI<\/span><\/td>\n1,00<\/span><\/td>\n0,50<\/span><\/td>\n0,06<\/span><\/td>\n0,08<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\n0,17<\/span><\/td>\n0,10<\/span><\/td>\n0,005<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

BENZ\u00cdNOV\u00c9 MOTORY<\/strong><\/span>, NAFTOV\u00c9 MOTORY<\/strong>
\n* 0,90 pro motory s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm paliva
\n** 0,10 pro motory s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm paliva<\/span><\/p>\n

\"cs_emisni_norma_euro_001\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ako sk\u00fa\u0161ka prebieha:
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>Aby sp\u013a\u0148alo platn\u00fa emisn\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161ku EURO, mus\u00ed sa podrobi\u0165 \u0161iestimi z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm sk\u00fa\u0161kam. <\/span><\/span>Siedma sk\u00fa\u0161ka je test funkcie OBD<\/a>. <\/span>Jednotliv\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky s\u00fa podrobne pop\u00edsan\u00e9 v predpise \u010d. 83 EHK\/OSN<\/strong> – Jednotn\u00e9 ustanovenia pre schva\u013eovanie vozidiel z h\u013eadiska emisi\u00ed zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok pod\u013ea po\u017eiadavky na motorov\u00e9 palivo<\/em>. <\/span>Pre viac detailn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o jednotliv\u00fdch podtesty si pre\u010d\u00edtajte siv\u00fd r\u00e1m\u010dek.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sk\u00fa\u0161ka typu I
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>Jedn\u00e1 sa o hlavnej sk\u00fa\u0161ku, ktor\u00e1 overuje v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 emisie vznikaj\u00face po studenom \u0161tarte<\/a><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Postupy a podmienky sk\u00fa\u0161ky s\u00fa presne ur\u010den\u00e9 predpisom \u010d. 83 EHK \/ OSN. <\/span>Tento predpis okrem in\u00e9ho ur\u010duje: podmienky okolia, n\u00e1roky na sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9 vozidlo, pou\u017eit\u00e9 palivo, nastavenie vozidla pri sk\u00fa\u0161ke at\u010f. Meranie prebieha v laborat\u00f3rnych podmienkach na tzv. Dynamometri (\u013eudovo brzde). <\/span>Samotn\u00fd postup sk\u00fa\u0161ky emisi\u00ed je rozdelen\u00fd do dvoch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch cyklov: mestsk\u00fd a mimo mesta.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"cs_emisni_norma_euro_002\"<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Prv\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 sk\u00fa\u0161ky zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161tyri z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 mestsk\u00e9 cykly<\/strong> a trv\u00e1 780 sek\u00fand. <\/span>Priebeh zr\u00fdchlenie a hodnota dosahovan\u00fdch r\u00fdchlost\u00ed je zrejm\u00e1 z grafu hore. <\/span>Je dobr\u00e9 si v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee vozidlo 12x zastav\u00ed, po\u010das cel\u00e9ho mestsk\u00e9ho cyklu pou\u017e\u00edva iba tri r\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 stupne<\/strong>. <\/span>Najni\u017e\u0161ia “kopec” v grafe predstavuje kr\u00e1tku jazdu iba na jedni\u010dku, nasleduje jazda 1-2, najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed “kopec” v mestskom cykle je jazda na 1-2-3. <\/span>Priemern\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 v mestskom cykle je 19 km\/h a prejden\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 je 1 kilometer.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 sk\u00fa\u0161ky simuluje mimo mesta<\/strong>, ako trv\u00e1 400 sek\u00fand. <\/span>Po\u010das tohto testu automobil zr\u00fdch\u013euje z pokoja a\u017e na doslova chv\u00ed\u013ekov\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 120 km\/h. <\/span>Priemern\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 v tomto teste je 62,4 km\/h a prejden\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 6,955 km.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Na tomto mieste je potrebn\u00e9 upozorni\u0165 na to, ako m\u00e1lo m\u00e1 tak\u00fdto cyklus spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho s realitou! <\/strong><\/span>Len pre pr\u00edklad uve\u010fme, \u017ee aerodynamick\u00fd odpor<\/a> rastie s druhou mocninou r\u00fdchlosti. <\/span>\u010co okrem in\u00e9ho znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pri r\u00fdchlosti 120 km\/h bude \u0161tvorn\u00e1sobn\u00fd oproti 60 km\/h. <\/span>Neh\u013eadiac na mo\u017enosti, ktor\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobcovia menej \u010di viac leg\u00e1lne obch\u00e1dza regul\u00e9rnos\u0165 u\u017e tak dos\u0165 zav\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho testu – Dieselgate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sk\u00fa\u0161ka typu II
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>Sk\u00fa\u0161ka emisi\u00ed oxidu uho\u013enat\u00e9ho a uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho pri vo\u013enobe\u017en\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dkach. <\/span><\/span>Meranie sa prev\u00e1dza na tepl\u00fd motor.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sk\u00fa\u0161ka typu II<\/span>I<\/strong>
\n<\/span>Meranie tlaku v k\u013eukovej skrini, vyhovuj\u00face vozidlo mus\u00ed ma\u0165 za uveden\u00fdch podmienok tlak v k\u013eukovej skrini ni\u017e\u0161ie ako je atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sk\u00fa\u0161ka typu IV<\/strong>
\n<\/span>Meranie mno\u017estva vyparen\u00fdch uh\u013eovod\u00edkov z vozidiel so z\u00e1\u017eihov\u00fdmi motormi. <\/span>Zahriate a zabehnut\u00e9 vodidlo (najazden\u00e9 min. 3000 km) sa meria 24 hod\u00edn v uzavretom priestore.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sk\u00fa\u0161ka typu V<\/strong>
\n<\/span>Sk\u00fa\u0161ka \u017eivotnosti zariadenia s oh\u013eadom na zne\u010dis\u0165ovanie. <\/span>Pri tejto sk\u00fa\u0161ke m\u00e1 vozidlo najazden\u00fdch 80 000 km na sk\u00fa\u0161obnej dr\u00e1he, ceste alebo dynamometri. <\/span>Sp\u00f4sob opotrebenie vol\u00ed v\u00fdrobca. <\/span>N\u00e1sledne sa v r\u00f4znych re\u017eimoch pomeru vzduchu a paliva hodnot\u00ed emisn\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobilos\u0165 vozidla.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sk\u00fa\u0161ka typu VI
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>Sk\u00fa\u0161ka vyhodnocuje mno\u017estvo emisi\u00ed oxidu uho\u013enat\u00e9ho a uh\u013eovod\u00edkov po studenom \u0161tarte<\/a> za n\u00edzke teploty, -7 \u00b0 C.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sk\u00fa\u0161ka OBD
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>Sk\u00fa\u0161ka sa vykon\u00e1va na z\u00e1klade simul\u00e1cia funk\u010dnej poruchy s\u00fa\u010dasti ovl\u00e1dania<\/a> motora alebo syst\u00e9mu regul\u00e1cie emisi\u00ed na z\u00e1klade cyklu sk\u00fa\u0161ky typu I. Vozidlo mus\u00ed by\u0165 riadne stabilizovan\u00e9 a syst\u00e9m OBD<\/a> mus\u00ed reagova\u0165 zodpovedaj\u00facim sp\u00f4sobom na chybn\u00fa funkciu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Hist\u00f3ria:
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>Prv\u00fd emisn\u00e1 norma zaoberaj\u00faca sa mno\u017estvom v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch splod\u00edn vznikla v Kalifornii v roku 1968<\/strong>. Na starom kontinente za\u010dala plati\u0165 prv\u00e1 eur\u00f3pska emisn\u00e1 norma a\u017e v roku 1971 – EHK 15. Prv\u00e1 emisn\u00e1 norma s ozna\u010den\u00edm EURO sa objavila a\u017e v roku 1992<\/strong>. Od tej doby takmer pravidelne <\/span><\/span>, ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161tyri roky, vyjde nov\u00e1 emisn\u00e1 norma EURO. <\/span>S ka\u017edou novou gener\u00e1ciou emisn\u00e9 normy EURO sa zni\u017euj\u00fa emisn\u00e9 limity \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tok vo v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plynoch. <\/span>\u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ie je \u010d\u00edslo normy, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia je jej pr\u00edsnos\u0165 (ni\u017e\u0161ie limity). <\/span>V roku 2014 vst\u00fapila do platnosti zatia\u013e poslednej platn\u00e1 verzia – emisn\u00e1 norma Euro 6.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Emisn\u00e1 norma Euro 3<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 vst\u00fapila do platnosti koncom roka 2000, bola do istej miery prelomov\u00e1. <\/span>Priniesla toti\u017e okrem pravideln\u00e9ho zn\u00ed\u017eenie limitov \u0161kodliv\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc taky povinnos\u0165 vybavi\u0165 novo vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9 benz\u00ednovej automobily syst\u00e9mom palubnej diagnostiky<\/strong> OBD<\/strong><\/a>. <\/span>Pre naftov\u00e9 motory pri\u0161la t\u00e1to povinnos\u0165 a\u017e s normou EURO 4. \u010eal\u0161ou novinkou normy EURO 3 bolo, \u017ee limity pre oxidy dus\u00edka a uh\u013eovod\u00edka, ktor\u00e9 doteraz boli bran\u00e9 dokopy<\/strong>, boli oddelen\u00e9 na samostatn\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
Viete, \u017ee:
\n<\/span><\/strong>Ako zist\u00edm, ak\u00fa normu m\u00f4j motor sp\u013a\u0148a?<\/strong><\/em>
\n<\/span>V \u010deskom technickom preukaze zatia\u013e priamo uveden\u00fa normu EURO nen\u00e1jdete. <\/span>N\u00e1jdete tu v\u0161ak \u00fadaj o norme EHK (napr. Euro 3 = EHK 83.05). <\/span>Normu EURO pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa iba krajiny Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, ale Slovensk\u00e1 republika do E\u00da vst\u00fapila a\u017e v roku 2003. V Nemecku je situ\u00e1cia \u010faleko jednoduch\u0161ie. <\/span>Emisn\u00fa normu, ktor\u00fa motor sp\u013a\u0148a, n\u00e1jdete priamo v technickom preukaze.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Platia emisn\u00e9 normy EURO aj pre n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 automobily?<\/em><\/strong>
\n<\/span>Rovnako ako vozidl\u00e1 aj emisn\u00e1 norma EURO je rozdelen\u00e1 na kateg\u00f3rie. <\/span>Normy pre osobn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 a \u013eahk\u00e9 \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e9 automobily s\u00fa \u010d\u00edslovan\u00e9 arabsk\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslicami. <\/span>Pre \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 aut\u00e1 a autobusy sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00edmske \u010d\u00edslice.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Foto\/zdroj:<\/strong> arch\u00edv
\n<\/span>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 slov\u00e1:<\/strong> Emisn\u00e1 norma, Euro, emisie<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Emisn\u00e1 norma Euro platn\u00e1 v krajin\u00e1ch Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie stanovuje limitn\u00e9 hodnoty v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch exhal\u00e1tov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7458,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,533,29],"tags":[1413,503,81,82],"class_list":["post-2365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-ekologie-zkratky-a-pojmy","category-zkratky-a-pojmy","tag-co2","tag-emisni-norma","tag-euro","tag-emise"],"yoast_head":"\nEmisn\u00e1 norma EURO - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/sk\/articles\/emisni-norma-euro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emisn\u00e1 norma EURO - autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emisn\u00e1 norma Euro platn\u00e1 v krajin\u00e1ch Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie stanovuje limitn\u00e9 hodnoty v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch exhal\u00e1tov.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/sk\/articles\/emisni-norma-euro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/autolexicon.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-05-24T00:57:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-30T14:28:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/obr_clanky\/cs_emisni_norma_euro_001.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"717\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"416\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ing. 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