{"id":5033,"date":"2016-02-04T00:20:21","date_gmt":"2016-02-04T00:20:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/?p=5033"},"modified":"2022-05-13T10:05:31","modified_gmt":"2022-05-13T10:05:31","slug":"land-rover-defender","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autolexicon.net\/sk\/articles\/land-rover-defender\/","title":{"rendered":"Land Rover \/ Defender"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

Land Rover Series I<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1972\u20131975)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Land<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nLand Rover Series I
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D\u00e9lka:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n3353 mm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160\u00ed\u0159ka:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1867 mm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fd\u0161ka:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n1549 mm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rozvor:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n2032 mm<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pohotovostn\u00ed hmotnost:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n??? kg<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koncepce:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\npohon zadn\u00edch kol<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Motor:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u0159adov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lec, 1595 ccm,
\nrozvod OHV<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n37 kW (50 kon\u00ed)\/??? ot\/min<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kroutic\u00ed moment:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n??? Nm\/??? ot\/min<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P\u0159evodovka:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u010dty\u0159stup\u0148ov\u00e1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1prava:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ntuh\u00e1 s listov\u00fdmi pru\u017einami<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zadn\u00ed n\u00e1prava:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ntuh\u00e1 s listov\u00fdmi pru\u017einami<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rychlost:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n65 mil\/h<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zrychlen\u00ed 0\u2013100 km\/h:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n??? s<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vyroben\u00fdch kus\u016f:<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Historie zna\u010dky Rover sah\u00e1 a\u017e do roku 1878, kdy byla v Coventry zalo\u017eena firma Starley & Sutton na v\u00fdrobu j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol. Z\u00a0kol se postupem \u010dasu staly motocykly a k motocykl\u016fm se brzy p\u0159idaly automobily. Kdy\u017e v\u00a0roce 1904 firma vyrobila prvn\u00ed automobil<\/strong>, v\u016fz ji\u017e nesl ozna\u010den\u00ed Rover. N\u00e1zev Rover v angli\u010dtin\u011b znamen\u00e1 tul\u00e1k a asi nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nehrd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nositelem tohoto jm\u00e9na byl legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Land Rover (dnes Land Rover Defender).<\/span><\/p>\n

Za zrodem Land Roveru st\u00e1l \u0161\u00e9f konstrukt\u00e9r zna\u010dky Rover Maurice Wilks<\/strong>. Wilksov\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem bylo postavit farm\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vozidlo s pohonem v\u0161ech kol<\/a>, kter\u00e9 si dok\u00e1\u017ee poradit t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu, dok\u00e1\u017ee zorat i pole a nakonec odv\u00e9zt sv\u00e9ho majitele do m\u011bsta na trh. Jeliko\u017e bylo kr\u00e1tce po v\u00e1lce, konstruk\u010dn\u00edm vzorem nemohlo b\u00fdt jin\u00e9 ter\u00e9nn\u00ed auto ne\u017e legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Jeep Willys<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se osv\u011bd\u010dil na boji\u0161t\u00edch 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. V\u00fdsledkem Wilksova sna\u017een\u00ed tedy byl automobil postaven\u00fd t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z d\u00edl\u016f Jeepu. Po v\u00e1lce byl velk\u00fd nedostatek oceli. Naopak hlin\u00edku, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pro v\u00fdrobu letadel, byly dostate\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby, proto Wilks vyu\u017eil k v\u00fdrob\u011b panel\u016f karoserie lehk\u00fd a korozi odol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l ze slitiny hlin\u00edku a magn\u00e9zia, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Birmabright. Tak\u00e9 na barvu karoserie m\u011bla vliv v\u00e1lka, k\u00a0dost\u00e1n\u00ed byly pouze r\u016fzn\u00e9 odst\u00edny zelen\u00e9!<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed prototyp postavil Maurice Wilks na sv\u00e9 farm\u011b v\u00a0Newborough ve Walesu. Jeho zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed byl volant um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd uprost\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 desky<\/strong> a neskr\u00fdvan\u00e1 podobnost s\u00a0p\u0159edlohou \u2013 Jeepem. Pohonn\u00e1 jednotka byla p\u0159evzata z osobn\u00edho vozu Rover P3 (60).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e9rie I (1948 \u2013 1958)
\n<\/strong>Land Rover Series I oslavil svoji premi\u00e9ru 30. dubna 1948 na autosalonu v Amsterodamu a li\u0161il se od prototypu jen v detailech, nap\u0159. plechov\u00fdmi dv\u00ed\u0159ky, d\u011blen\u00fdm \u010deln\u00edm sklem a volantem um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm klasicky po stran\u011b. V\u016fz m\u011bl masivn\u00ed ocelov\u00fd \u017eeb\u0159inov\u00fd r\u00e1m odpru\u017een\u00fd listov\u00fdmi pery a tuhou p\u0159edn\u00ed i zadn\u00ed n\u00e1pravu<\/a>. M\u0159\u00ed\u017eka chladi\u010de nesla znak Land Roveru, kter\u00fd se v modifikovan\u00e9 form\u011b udr\u017eel dodnes. Za m\u0159\u00ed\u017ekou byly um\u00edst\u011bny typick\u00e9 sv\u011btlomety.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e do roku 1951 slou\u017eil k\u00a0pohonu v\u00fdhradn\u011b benz\u00ednov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lec o objemu 1,6 litru s\u00a0v\u00fdkonem 37 kW (50 k) poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echna \u010dty\u0159i kola p\u0159es \u010dty\u0159rychlostn\u00ed p\u0159evodovku s\u00a0redukc\u00ed. P\u0159edn\u00ed kola m\u011bla volnob\u011b\u017eky. Karoserie se dod\u00e1vala ve t\u0159ech proveden\u00edch, jako otev\u0159en\u00e1 nebo s\u00a0pl\u00e1t\u011bnou \u010di pevnou st\u0159echou.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1952 dostal Land Rover siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dvoulitrov\u00fd motor a byl tak\u00e9 upraven pohon kol. U vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159evodov\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 volit si mezi pohonem jen zadn\u00edch kol (2WD) nebo v\u0161ech kol (4WD<\/a>), u dvou nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159evod\u016f byl automaticky zvolen pohon 4WD. V roce 1954 byl zv\u011bt\u0161en rozvor<\/a> na 2184 mm a d\u00e9lka vozidla vzrostla na 3569 mm. V roce 1956 byl p\u0159edstaven velmi obl\u00edben\u00fd expedi\u010dn\u00ed p\u011btidve\u0159ov\u00fd Land Rover Station Wagon, kter\u00fd uvezl a\u017e 10 lid\u00ed a kter\u00fd dostal dvojitou tzv. Safari st\u0159echu chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed horkem.<\/strong> V\u00a0roce 1957 se pod kapotou Land Roveru objevil prvn\u00ed vzn\u011btov\u00fd motor z\u00a0v\u00fdkonem 39kW p\u0159i 4000 min-1. Kv\u016fli jeho d\u00e9lce musel b\u00fdt prodlou\u017een rozchod<\/a> o dva palce. Land Rover za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat dva druhy rozvor\u016f<\/a>, kter\u00e9 mu vydr\u017eely dal\u0161\u00edch 25 let. SWB (ShortWhellBase) kr\u00e1tk\u00fd s\u00a0rozm\u011brem 2235 mm a dlouh\u00fd rozvor<\/a> LWB (LongWhellBase) s\u00a0rozm\u011brem 2769 mm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> \u00a0 \"Land<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e9rie II (1958 \u2013 1974)
\n<\/strong>V roku 1958 nahradila \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa prv\u00fa gener\u00e1ciu druh\u00e1 s ozna\u010den\u00edm Series II. <\/span>Land Rover Series II<\/strong> dostal v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed, ale ve\u013emi podobn\u00fa karos\u00e9rii. <\/span>Dlh\u00e1 verzia Station Wagon mala kab\u00ednu pre 12 cestuj\u00facich, tak\u017ee dostala da\u0148ov\u00e9 zv\u00fdhodnenie platn\u00e9 pre autobusy. <\/span>Zauj\u00edmavou karos\u00e1rsku variantom bol prehliadkovom \u0161peci\u00e1l s vypolstrovan\u00fdmi zadn\u00fdm priestorom, pr\u00edstupn\u00fdm dvierkami a opatren\u00fdm dr\u017eadlami pre stojace osoby (Royal Review Vehicle ‘State II’). <\/span>Series II pou\u017e\u00edval dva benz\u00ednov\u00e9 motory: 2,0l z prvej gener\u00e1cie Roveru a nov\u00fd benz\u00ednov\u00fd 2,25 l s v\u00fdkonom 54kW. <\/span>Ponuku dop\u013a\u0148al 2,0l vznetov\u00fd motor, op\u00e4\u0165 zn\u00e1mi u\u017e z prvej gener\u00e1cie. <\/span>V roku 1961 pri\u0161lo p\u00e1r kozmetick\u00fdch \u00faprav a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed nov\u00fd motor – turbodiesel 2,25 l, od tej doby sa Land Rover ozna\u010doval ako Series IIA<\/strong>. <\/span>V roku 1967 bol predstaven\u00fd vznetov\u00fd \u0161es\u0165valec 2,6l. <\/span>Za\u010dali vznika\u0165 aj r\u00f4zne karos\u00e1rske a vojensk\u00e9 verzie. <\/span>V roku 1968 sa presunuli typick\u00e9 svetlomety z mrie\u017eky chladi\u010da na blatn\u00edky.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 s\u00e9rie Land Roveru si z\u00edskala je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed popularitu ne\u017e prvn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na po \u00fa\u010dinkov\u00e1n\u00ed v oscarov\u00e9m filmu Vol\u00e1n\u00ed divo\u010diny<\/strong> z roku 1966. O rok pozd\u011bji se Rover stal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed koncernu Leyland Motors, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji zm\u011bnil na British Leyland (BL). V letech 1969 a\u017e 70 dos\u00e1hla v\u00fdroba Land Rover\u016f sv\u00e9ho maxima kolem 60 tis\u00edc voz\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a> \u00a0 \"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a> \u00a0 \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e9rie III (1971 \u2013 1985)
\n<\/strong>T\u0159et\u00ed generace Land Roveru se za\u010dala vyr\u00e1b\u011bt v roce 1971. Karoserie nem\u011bla prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny a byla shodn\u00e1 karoseri\u00ed, jakou m\u011blo posledn\u00ed proveden\u00ed druh\u00e9 generace, tedy se sv\u011btlomety v blatn\u00edc\u00edch. Jedinou z\u0159etelnou zm\u011bnou byla n\u00e1hrada kovov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky chladi\u010de za plastovou. Pod kapotou i v\u00a0interi\u00e9ru bylo zm\u011bn v\u00edce.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1978 byla vytvo\u0159ena samostatn\u00e1 dce\u0159in\u00e1 spole\u010dnost holdingu British Leyland nazvan\u00e1 Land Rover Limited. Od roku 1979 se vyr\u00e1b\u011bl Land Rover V8, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd 3,5litrov\u00fdm vidlicov\u00fdm osmiv\u00e1lcem z Range Roveru (68 kW\/92 k). V\u00a0roce 1984 byla vym\u011bn\u011bna listov\u00e1 pera za vinut\u00e9 pru\u017einy a Land Rover dostal kotou\u010dov\u00e9 brzdy na p\u0159edn\u00ed kola.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed generace je jednozna\u010dn\u011b nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm Land Roverem. B\u011bhen 14 let bylo vyrobeno kolem 440 tis\u00edc kus\u016f tohoto legend\u00e1rn\u00edho offroadu<\/a>. Velkou z\u00e1sluhu na to m\u011blo i jejich vojensk\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Land Rover 90\/110\/127 (1983 – 1990) a Defender (1990 – 2016)<\/strong>
\nV\u00a0roce 1983 p\u0159i\u0161la do v\u00fdroby \u010dtvrt\u00e1 generace, u t\u00e9to generace ji\u017e nebylo pou\u017eito ozna\u010den\u00ed Series IV. Nov\u00e1 generace nesla ozna\u010den\u00ed Land Rover 90 (Ninety)<\/strong> a Land Rover 110 (One Ten)<\/strong> \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed znamenalo rozvor<\/a> v\u00a0palc\u00edch. Teprve v\u00a0roce 1990 bylo rozhodnuto o p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed obou model\u016f na dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e9 Defender (Obr\u00e1nce). <\/strong>K\u00a0tomuto kroku se automobilka rozhodla kv\u016fli zpest\u0159en\u00ed nab\u00eddky, nov\u011b za\u010dala nab\u00edzet modely Range Rover a Discovery. Pro Defender tolik typick\u00e9 rezervn\u00ed kolo se p\u0159esunulo z\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00ed kapoty teprve v\u00a0roce 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ukon\u010den\u00ed produkce<\/strong>
\nLand Rover Defender se vyr\u00e1b\u011bl cel\u00fdch 68 let od roku 1948<\/strong>. Za tu dobu automobilka v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b Solihull vyrobila celkem 2.016.933 kus\u016f<\/strong> tohoto ter\u00e9nn\u00edho vozu. Prvn\u00ed Land Rover byl prod\u00e1n za 450 liber na Motor Show v\u00a0Amsterodamu v\u00a0roce 1948. Tehdy byl nab\u00edzen pouze v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 motorizaci, se \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lcem 1.6 litru o v\u00fdkonu 50 kon\u00ed vybaven\u00fd \u010dty\u0159stup\u0148ovou p\u0159evodovkou s\u00a0redukc\u00ed. Vzn\u011btov\u00fd agreg\u00e1t p\u0159i\u0161el a\u017e v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let. P\u0159esto, \u017ee se nab\u00eddka postupn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ovala, mnoh\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1valo a tak si Land Rover Defender zachov\u00e1val kouzlo po generace.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"land-rover_035\"<\/a> \u00a0 \"land-rover_038\"<\/a> \u00a0 \"land-rover_036\"<\/a> \u00a0 \"land-rover_037\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a> \u00a0 \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Land<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"Land<\/a> \u00a0 \"Land<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"nejstar\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Land<\/a> \u00a0 \"Land<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

\"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a> \u00a0 \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \"posledn\u00ed<\/a> \u00a0 \"slavnostn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj a legislativu v\u0161ak zastavit nelze. Pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 koncepce ter\u00e9nn\u00edch voz\u016f je s\u00a0obt\u00ed\u017eemi spl\u0148ovala nov\u00e9 emisn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy. Automobilka Rover se proto rozhodla produkci t\u00e9to legendy 29. ledna 2016 ukon\u010dit.<\/strong> Automobilka po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0jeho \u201emodern\u00edm\u201c n\u00e1stupcem a\u017e od roku 2018. Mo\u017en\u00e1 i proto bylo slavnostn\u00edm ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdroby velmi emotivn\u00ed a dojemn\u00e9. Nemohl chyb\u011bt ani nejstar\u0161\u00ed dodnes provozuschopn\u00fd p\u0159eds\u00e9riov\u00fd Land Rover HUE 166<\/strong>. Vzhledem k\u00a0nedostatku lak\u016f po 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, byly prvn\u00ed Land Rovery nab\u00edzeny pouze v zelen\u00e9m odst\u00ednu kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho letectva (RAF).<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro p\u0159\u00edznivce \u201eDef\u00edka\u201c doporu\u010dujeme nav\u0161t\u00edvit interaktivn\u00ed odkaz, kter\u00fd V\u00e1s provede v\u00fdrobou i histori\u00ed ikonick\u00e9ho Land Roveru: http:\/\/defendertour.landrover.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n


\nFoto\/zdroj: <\/strong>archiv, www.carstyling.ru, wikipedia.com, www.expeditionlandrover.info, www.landrover.com
\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova: <\/strong>Land Rover, Series, Defender, Rover, offroard
\n<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ikonou opravdu ter\u00e9nn\u00edch a expedi\u010dn\u00edch automobil\u016f je jednozna\u010dn\u011b Land Rover Series, od 90. let ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako Defender. Britsk\u00e1 automobilka Land Rover vyr\u00e1b\u00ed tento model ji\u017e od roku 1948. S trochou nads\u00e1zky lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se od t\u00e9 doby mnoho nezm\u011bnilo. I p\u0159esto, nebo mo\u017en\u00e1, pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, m\u00e1 tento v\u016fz st\u00e1le mnoho doslova skaln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_10217573569066608_119527941460186":"","twitter_308591058_308591058":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,51,26],"tags":[1198,974,1199,775],"class_list":["post-5033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","category-historie-automobilismu","category-slavne-automobily","tag-defender","tag-land-rover","tag-rover","tag-offroad"],"yoast_head":"\nLand Rover \/ Defender - autolexicon.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ikonou opravdu ter\u00e9nn\u00edch a expedi\u010dn\u00edch automobil\u016f je jednozna\u010dn\u011b Land Rover Series, od 90. let ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako Defender. 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